Ultrahigh-efficiency wavelength conversion in nanophotonic periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides
Open accessAbstract
Periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide is a powerful platform for efficient wavelength conversion. Conventional PPLN converters however typically require long device lengths and high pump powers due to the limited nonlinear interaction strength. Here we use a nanostructured PPLN waveguides to demonstrate an ultrahigh normalized efficiency of 2600%/W-cm$^2$ for second-harmonic generation of 1.5-$μ$m radiation, more than 20 times higher than that in state-of-the-art diffused waveguides. This is achieved by a combination of sub-wavelength optical confinement and high-fidelity periodic poling at a first-order poling period of 4 $μ$m. Our highly integrated PPLN waveguides are promising for future chip-scale integration of classical and quantum photonic systems.
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Longer PPLN ridge waveguides up to 4 mm have lower normalized conversion efficiencies (<3000%/W·cm^2) due to nonoptimal poling duty cycle and non-uniform poling.
“Longer PPLN ridge waveguides up to 4 mm have also been demonstrated [29,32], albeit with lower normalized conversion efficiencies (<3000%/W•cm 2 ) due to nonoptimal poling duty cycle (i.e.<50% duty cycle) and non-uniform poling.”
From Integrated photonics on thin-film lithium niobate (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
PPLN waveguide frequency converters have been demonstrated.
“PPLN waveguide frequency converters.”
From Integrated photonics on thin-film lithium niobate (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
Etched waveguides with duty cycle of ~(39 ± 3)% were achieved.
“false color SEM of resultant etched waveguides with duty cycle of ~(39 ± 3)%.”
From Integrated photonics on thin-film lithium niobate (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Wang, C., Langrock, C., Marandi, A., Jankowski, M., Zhang, M., Desiatov, B., Fejer, M. M., & Lončar, M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Howard University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Optica
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2018-11-07
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1438
- ISSN
- 2334-2536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2899558822
- Cited by
- 673
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 111 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 26.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Optica (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- CityU Scholars (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (NSF) (ECCS-1609549, ECCS-1609688, EFMA-1741651, 1541959)
- Army Research Laboratory (ARL) (W911NF-15-2-0060, W911NF-15-2-0067)
- Harvard University (PSE Accelerator Award)
- City University of Hong Kong (CityU) (Start-up Grant)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Nonlinear Photonic Systems
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
- Keywords
- periodically poled lithium niobate, nanophotonic waveguides, wavelength conversion, second harmonic generation, quantum photonics
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