The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Origins of Lactase Persistence in Europe
Open accessAbstract
Lactase persistence (LP) is common among people of European ancestry, but with the exception of some African, Middle Eastern and southern Asian groups, is rare or absent elsewhere in the world. Lactase gene haplotype conservation around a polymorphism strongly associated with LP in Europeans (-13,910 C/T) indicates that the derived allele is recent in origin and has been subject to strong positive selection. Furthermore, ancient DNA work has shown that the--13,910*T (derived) allele was very rare or absent in early Neolithic central Europeans. It is unlikely that LP would provide a selective advantage without a supply of fresh milk, and this has lead to a gene-culture coevolutionary model where lactase persistence is only favoured in cultures practicing dairying, and dairying is more favoured in lactase persistent populations. We have developed a flexible demic computer simulation model to explore the spread of lactase persistence, dairying, other subsistence practices and unlinked genetic markers in Europe and western Asia's geographic space. Using data on--13,910*T allele frequency and farming arrival dates across Europe, and approximate Bayesian computation to estimate parameters of interest, we infer that the--13,910*T allele first underwent selection among dairying farmers around 7,500 years ago in a region between the central Balkans and central Europe, possibly in association with the dissemination of the Neolithic Linearbandkeramik culture over Central Europe. Furthermore, our results suggest that natural selection favouring a lactase persistence allele was not higher in northern latitudes through an increased requirement for dietary vitamin D. Our results provide a coherent and spatially explicit picture of the coevolution of lactase persistence and dairying in Europe.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“although the selective sweep has been modelled as originating between Central Europe and the Balkans ~4–6,000 years BC (ref. 34).”
From Genome flux and stasis in a five millennium transect of European prehistory (2014) · cites this paper as [34]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The History and Geography of Human Genes
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., Menozzi, P., & Piazza, A. (2018) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv301gjp · Cited by 3,175
Approximate Bayesian computation in population genetics
Beaumont, M. A., Zhang, W., & Balding, D. J. (2002) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/162.4.2025 · Cited by 2,932
Self-citationHistory and Geography of Human Genes
Piazza, A. (1994) · Advances in forensic haemogenetics · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-78782-9_1 · Cited by 1,639
Convergent adaptation of human lactase persistence in Africa and Europe
Tishkoff, S. A., Reed, F. A., Ranciaro, A., Voight, B. F., Babbitt, C. C., Silverman, J. S., Powell, K., Mortensen, H. M., Hirbo, J. B., Osman, M., et al. (2007) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1946 · Cited by 1,615 · cited 1×
“In Africa there are at least four known LP-associated alleles, including three that are likely to be of African origin [2,4] as well as 213,910*T, which is likely to be of European origin [3,12].”
BackgroundA Mathematical Theory of Natural and Artificial Selection, Part V: Selection and Mutation
Haldane, J. B. S. (1927) · Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1017/s0305004100015644 · Cited by 1,326 · cited 1×
“While we would expect any de novo mutation to always have an initial frequency of 1/2N, we also expect that it will have a high probability of extinction unless selection is very strong [79].”
BackgroundGenetic Signatures of Strong Recent Positive Selection at the Lactase Gene
Bersaglieri, T., Sabeti, P. C., Patterson, N. J., Vanderploeg, T. N., Schaffner, S. F., Drake, J. A., Rhodes, M. E., Reich, D., & Hirschhorn, J. N. (2004) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/421051 · Cited by 1,169 · cited 15×
“063 16 [8] 1699 7274 (69) 7112 (76) 43.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialIdentification of a variant associated with adult-type hypolactasia
Enattah, N. S., Sahi, T., Savilahti, E., Terwilliger, J. D., Peltonen, L., & Järvelä, I. E. (2002) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng826 · Cited by 1,029 · cited 1×
“91 kb upstream from the lactase gene [5].”
BackgroundEarliest Date for Milk Use in the Near East and Southeastern Europe Linked to Cattle Herding
Evershed, R. P., Payne, S., Sherratt, A. G., Copley, M. S., Coolidge, J., Urem-Kotsu, D., Kotsakis, K., Özdoğan, M., Özdoğan, A. E., Nieuwenhuyse, O., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07180 · Cited by 681 · cited 4×
“Recent carbon isotope ratios from lipids extracted from archaeological sherds show the presence of milk fats in present-day western Turkey and connect these findings to an increased importance of cattle herding [26,45–48].”
BackgroundInfluentialExcoffier, L. (2003) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.02004.x · Cited by 663 · cited 3×
“related studies [33–36] the one we present is stochastic and more parameter-heavy.”
BackgroundMethodThe Fate of Mutations Surfing on the Wave of a Range Expansion
Klopfstein, S., Currat, M., & Excoffier, L. (2006) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msj057 · Cited by 641 · cited 2×
“However, previous simulations have shown that the geographic centroid of allele can be offset from its location of origin, particularly when it occurs on the wave front of a demographic expansion [29,30].”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 79 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- CJ Ingram, 2008, Population and molecular genetics of lactase persistence., Journal of Human Genetics In Press
- JD Vigne, 2007, Was milk a “secondary product” in the Old World Neolithisation process? Its role in the domestication of cattle, sheep and goats., Anthropozoologica, 42, 9
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 568
How well do we understand the basis of classic selective sweeps in humans?
Szpak, M., Xue, Y., Ayub, Q., & Tyler‐Smith, C. (2019) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.13447 · Cited by 22
Kuchay, R. A. H., Thapa, B. R., Mahmood, A., & Mahmood, S. (2011) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2011.06.032 · Cited by 22
7. “Have milk, maas or yoghurt every day”: a food-based dietary guideline for South Africa
Vorster, H., Wenhold, F. A. M., Wright, H. H., Wentzel‐Viljoen, E., Venter, C. S., & Vermaak, M. (2013) · South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1080/16070658.2013.12519341 · Cited by 22
From Pleistocene to Holocene: the prehistory of southwest Asia in evolutionary context
Watkins, T. F. (2017) · History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s40656-017-0152-3 · Cited by 22
“A conspicuous example is the emergence of lactase persistence in populations that have been reliant on herding and dairy products (Gerbault et al. 2011; Itan et al. 2009).”
BackgroundCultural inheritance is driving a transition in human evolution
Waring, T. M., & Wood, Z. T. (2025) · BioScience · doi:10.1093/biosci/biaf094 · Cited by 24
Population designations in biomedical research: Limitations and perspectives
Gombault, C., Grenet, G., Ségurel, L., Duret, L., Gueyffier, F., Cathébras, P. J., Pontier, D., Mainbourg, S., Sanchez‐Mazas, A., & Lega, J. (2022) · HLA · doi:10.1111/tan.14852 · Cited by 24
Silver, M. J., Corbin, K. D., Hellenthal, G., da Costa, K.-A., Domínguez-Salas, P., Moore, S. E., Owen, J., Prentice, A. M., Hennig, B. J., & Zeisel, S. H. (2015) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.15-271056 · Cited by 21
“The selection for lactase persistence is estimated to have occurred 7500 years ago, suggesting that relatively recent dietary influences can modify the persistence of genetic variants (64).”
BackgroundEvidence for Very Recent Positive Selection in Mongolians
Nakayama, K., Ohashi, J., Watanabe, K., Munkhtulga, L., & Iwamoto, S. (2017) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msx138 · Cited by 21
An integrated bayesian theory of phenotypic flexibility
Richerson, P. J. (2018) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2018.02.002 · Cited by 22
Got Milk? How Freedoms Evolved From Dairying Climates
de Vliert, E. V., Welzel, C., Shcherbak, A., Fischer, R. D., & Alexander, A. C. (2018) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022118778336 · Cited by 21
“The calcium absorption hypothesis stating that deficient ultraviolet-B radiation at colder latitudes causes more lactose tolerance (Durham, 1991; Gerbault et al., 2009; Itan et al., 2009) does not explain the decreasing lactose tolerance in countries with colder winters and hot summers (downward slope in Figure 2).”
BackgroundInfluentialGrazian, C., & Fan, Y. (2019) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Computational Statistics · doi:10.1002/wics.1486 · Cited by 21
Spatial and temporal disparities in human subsistence in the Neolithic Rhineland gateway
Casanova, E., Arbogast, R., Denaire, A., Jeunesse, C., Lefranc, P., & Evershed, R. P. (2020) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2020.105215 · Cited by 21
Maertens, J., & Vanrolleghem, P. A. (2010) · Biotechnology Progress · doi:10.1002/btpr.349 · Cited by 21
A Stored-Products Revolution in the 1st Millennium BC
Bevan, A. (2020) · Archaeology International · doi:10.5334/ai-404 · Cited by 21
“…dairying was part of a ‘secondary products revolution’ and not necessarily part of initial European and Mediterranean Neolithics, subsequent evidence increasingly implies that at least certain dairy products were present from the start (Evershed et al. 2008; Itan et al. 2009; Salque et al. 2013).”
BackgroundPropelling the paradigm shift from reductionism to systems nutrition
Kaput, J., Perozzi, G., Radonjić, M., & Virgili, F. (2017) · Genes & Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12263-016-0549-8 · Cited by 20
A functional theory of bistable perception based on dynamical circular inference
Leptourgos, P., Bouttier, V., Jardri, R., & Denève, S. (2020) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008480 · Cited by 22
STEM faculty response to proposed workspace changes
Larson, E. W., Gettings, P. E., Malik, P., Hearit, L. B., Buzzanell, P. M., & Ludwig, B. (2016) · Journal of Organizational Change Management · doi:10.1108/jocm-04-2015-0064 · Cited by 20
Wiley, A. S. (2018) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/700768 · Cited by 20
“Itan et al. (2009) did not find that selection for LP alleles increased with latitude in Europe, but in a simulation model allowing for variation in selection intensity across time and space, Gerbault et al. (2009) reported that latitude did play a role in the evolution of LP alleles. hydration…”
BackgroundThe cultural dimension of cognition
Watkins, T. F. (2015) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.02.049 · Cited by 21
Graduate Student Literature Review: Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying mastitis
Miles, A. M., & Huson, H. J. (2020) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2020-18297 · Cited by 19
“1, 2021 Archeozoological studies exploring mitochondrial DNA variation suggest that cattle were first domesticated approximately 10,500 years ago, and historical evidence suggests that humans began milking cows approximately 3,000 years after that (Itan et al., 2009; Bollongino et al., 2012).”
BackgroundÇakırlar, C. (2012) · Anthropozoologica · doi:10.5252/az2012n2a6 · Cited by 19
“The question of the origin of lactase persistence in present European populations and research suggesting its relation to Neolithic population movements (Burger et al. 2007; Gerbault et al. 2009; Itan et al. 2009) have both fuelled and complemented the production of data testing the dairy aspect.”
BackgroundWitas, H. W., Płoszaj, T., Jędrychowska-Dańska, K., Witas, P., Masłowska, A., Jerszyńska, B., Kozłowski, T., & Osipowicz, G. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122384 · Cited by 23
“5 Ka BP and had access to milk, the main factor necessary [12] in the selection process, as commonly postulated [12,17]? It is possible that the allele LCT-13910 T was not found thus far neither along the Danubian nor the Mediterranean route since:”
BackgroundBrown, K. A., & Brown, T. A. (2013) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-092412-155455 · Cited by 20
Kindstedt, P. S. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119046165.ch0a · Cited by 20
Angulo, J., & Velasco-Forero, S. (2014) · Signals and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-05317-2_12 · Cited by 18
The evolution of lactose digestion
Walker, C., & Thomas, M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811720-0.00001-5 · Cited by 18
Self-citationSubsistence and Society in Prehistory
Outram, A. K., & Bogaard, A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316415177 · Cited by 21
Sahelian pastoralism from the perspective of variants associated with lactase persistence
Priehodová, E., Austerlitz, F., Čížková, M., Nováčková, J., Ricaut, F., Hofmanová, Z., Schlebusch, C. M., & Černý, V. (2020) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24116 · Cited by 18
“Simulation models show that it emerged somewhere between central Europe and northern Balkans at ~7.5 ka (Itan et al. 2009), but its presence has not yet been attested by ancient DNA studies of European human remains from this period (Burger et al. 2007; Krüttli et al. 2014; Malmström et al. 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialTatari-Calderone, Z., Luban, N. L. C., & Vukmanović, S. (2014) · Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy · doi:10.1159/000369145 · Cited by 18
Refining the Use of Linkage Disequilibrium as a Robust Signature of Selective Sweeps
Jacobs, G. S., Sluckin, T. J., & Kivisild, T. (2016) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.115.185900 · Cited by 20
“This is presumably because the selective sweep is recent and incomplete (Itan et al. 2009; Mathieson et al. 2015), and the reduction in LD in the over region that drives high vmax values appears only in later stages of the sweep (Stephan et al. 2006).”
BackgroundCultural group selection follows Darwin's classic syllogism for the operation of selection
Richerson, P. J., Baldini, R., Bell, A. V., Demps, K., Frost, K., Hillis, V., Mathew, S., Newton, E. K., Naar, N., Newson, L., et al. (2016) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x15000606 · Cited by 23
Gene–Culture Coevolution in the Cognitive Domain
Lotem, A., Kolodny, O., & Arbilly, M. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198869252.013.66 · Cited by 18
Is a Persistent Global Bias Necessary for the Establishment of Planar Cell Polarity?
Fischer, S., Houston, P., Monk, N., & Owen, M. R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060064 · Cited by 17
Ricaut, F., Cox, M. P., Lacan, M., Keyser, C., Duranthon, F., Ludes, B., Guilaine, J., & Crubézy, É. (2012) · Advances in Anthropology · doi:10.4236/aa.2012.21002 · Cited by 16
“This time frame saw two contrasting Neolithic cultures in Europe (Linearbandkeramik in central Europe and the Impressed/Cardial Ware culture in southern Europe), each seemingly linked to a different Chalcolithic subsistence strategy (a cattle-based, fresh milk dairying economy in northern Europe, and agropastoral cult…”
BackgroundHemochromatosis: Niche Construction and the Genetic Domino Effect in the European Neolithic
McCullough, Heath, & Smith (2015) · Human Biology · doi:10.13110/humanbiology.87.1.0039 · Cited by 16
“The European lactose persistence gene (–13910 C>T) is dated from 8,000 or 10,000 years BP (Holden and Mace 1997) to about approximately 4,310–6,730 years BP (Itah et al. 2009), and the HFE C282Y mutation at 1,000–4,000 years ago (Thomas et al.”
BackgroundModeling the spatiotemporal spread of beneficial alleles using ancient genomes
Muktupavela, R., Petr, M., Ségurel, L., Korneliussen, T. S., Novembre, J., & Racimo, F. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.73767 · Cited by 18
“This origin is further east than the geographic origin estimate from Itan et al., 2009 , likely reflecting additional ancient DNA information that is available to us, and indicates an early presence of the allele in Eastern Europe.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThe Milky Way: The implications of using animal milk products in infant feeding
Howcroft, R., Eriksson, G., & Lidén, K. (2012) · Anthropozoologica · doi:10.5252/az2012n2a3 · Cited by 17
Inferring Learning Strategies from Cultural Frequency Data
Kandler, A., & Powell, A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55363-2_7 · Cited by 16
Self-citationHubacek, J. A., Adámková, V., Šedová, L., Olišarová, V., Adámek, V., & Tóthová, V. (2017) · Genetics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0071 · Cited by 16
“It is noteworthy that by the use of computer simulation (Itan et al., 2009), the origin of the LCT gene mutation at position -13910 is pinpointed in Central Europe roughly 7,000-8,000 years ago.”
BackgroundKamminga, T., Slagman, S., Bijlsma, J. J. E., dos Santos, V. A. P. M., Diez, M. S., & Schaap, P. J. (2017) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.26347 · Cited by 16
New insights into the molecular basis of lactase non-persistence/persistence: a brief review
Kuchay, R. A. H. (2020) · Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics · doi:10.5582/ddt.2019.01079 · Cited by 16
“LP is common among people of European ancestry, but with the exception of some African, Middle Eastern and Southern Asian groups, is rare or absent elsewhere in the world (30).”
BackgroundThe Current Situation of the Tyrolean Iceman
Zink, A., & Maixner, F. (2019) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000501878 · Cited by 15
Role of Relaxation Time Scale in Noisy Signal Transduction
Maity, A. K., Chaudhury, P., & Banik, S. K. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123242 · Cited by 15
Nutrigenetics and Personalized Nutrition: Are we Ready for Dna-Based Dietary Advice?
Grimaldi, K. A. (2014) · Personalized Medicine · doi:10.2217/pme.14.2 · Cited by 16
Estimating time-varying selection coefficients from time series data of allele frequenciesPreprint
Mathieson, I. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.11.17.387761 · Cited by 15
“…and timing of selection on the variant based on present-day data are variable and have wide confidence intervals, ranging from 0-0.2 for s) and ~1500-65,000 years before present for the origin of the mutation (Bersaglieri et al., 2004; Tishkoff et al., 2007; Itan et al., 2009; Peter et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe roles of personalized nutrition in obesity and diabetes management: a review
Zeinalian, R., Ahmadikhatir, S., Nasli‐Esfahani, E., Namazi, N., & Larijani, B. A. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-022-01016-0 · Cited by 17
“But in northern European and Africa, adult LP is recognized as a recent evolutionary trait [35].”
BackgroundStock, J. T., Pomeroy, E., Ruff, C. B., Brown, M., Gasperetti, M. A., Li, F., Maher, L., Malone, C., Mushrif‐Tripathy, V., Parkinson, E. W., et al. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2209482119 · Cited by 14
“The Linearbandkeramik culture, representing the early Neolithic of Central Europe, marks a crucial period in the expansion of agriculture into Central and Northern Europe as there is evidence of a reduction in crop diversity (35), the herding of mature cattle used for milk and secondary by-products (36), and selection…”
BackgroundWalker, C., & Thomas, M. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198869252.013.67 · Cited by 14
Self-citationTransition to farming – transition to milk culture: a case study from Mala Triglavca, Slovenia
Budja, M., Ogrinc, N., Gašparič, A. Ž., Potočnik, D., Žigon, D., & Mlekuž, D. (2013) · Documenta Praehistorica · doi:10.4312/dp.40.9 · Cited by 15
“The third group relates to populations that introduced the practice of drinking milk a long time ago and had a high amount of lactose in their diet (e.g., most Europeans, some African and Middle Eastern populations and North Indians).”
BackgroundInfluentialOjeda‐Granados, C., Panduro, A., Pinho, J. R. R., Ramos-López, O., de Oliveira, K. G., Malta, F. D. M., González-Aldaco, K., & Román, S. (2016) · Lifestyle Genomics · doi:10.1159/000446241 · Cited by 16
Ancient genetics to ancient genomics: celebrity and credibility in data-driven practice
Jones, E. D. (2019) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-019-9675-1 · Cited by 15
Genome–nutrition divergence: evolving understanding of the malnutrition spectrum
Eaton, J., & Iannotti, L. L. (2017) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nux055 · Cited by 18
“Humans evolved mechanisms for lactase persistence, the ability to digest lactose after childhood, around 7500 years ago.(55) This adaptation provided a strong genetic advantage; estimates of the selection coefficient of the lactase persistence allele, a metric of genetic fitness, suggest that individuals who carried t…”
BackgroundMontalva, N., Adhikari, K., Liebert, A., Mendoza‐Revilla, J., Flores-Carrasco, S. V., Mace, R. H., & Swallow, D. M. (2018) · Annals of Human Genetics · doi:10.1111/ahg.12277 · Cited by 14
“…would have been needed, based on current frequencies of LP and the time since animal domestication or the age of the mutations (Aoki, 1991; Bersaglieri et al., 2004; Gerbault, Moret, Currat, & Sanchez-Mazas, 2009; Itan et al. 2009; Peter, Huerta-Sanchez, & Nielsen, 2012; Tishkoff et al., 2007).”
Brychová, V., Roffet‐Salque, M., Pavlů, I., Kyselka, J., Kyjaková, P., Filip, V., Světlík, I., & Evershed, R. P. (2020) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.10.045 · Cited by 14
Validating niche-construction theory through path analysis
Brock, W. A., O’Brien, M. J., & Bentley, R. A. (2015) · Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12520-015-0257-0 · Cited by 15
“In the Neolithic of central and northern Europe, where we currently have the strongest selection for the LP allele (Itan et al. 2009),Ctmight be less variable in time but more variable in space.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKapellou, A., Salata, E., Vrachnos, D. M., Papailia, S. I., & Vittas, S. (2025) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes16050578 · Cited by 17
“Although primarily attributed to SNPs near the LCT gene, recent evidence implicates epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation and miRNA activity, in modulating lactase expression [74–76].”
Lactase deficiency in Russia: multiethnic genetic study
Kovalenko, E. V., Vergasova, E., Shoshina, O. O., Popov, I., Ilinskaya, A. Y., Kim, A., Plotnikov, N. A., Barenbaum, I., Elmuratov, A. U., Ilinsky, V. V., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-023-01294-8 · Cited by 16
“The average frequency of lactase persistence is higher in northern Europe, moderate in southern Europe and the Middle East, and low in some Asian and African communities [12, 14, 15].”
BackgroundNeolithic pottery and the biomolecular archaeology of lipids
Budja, M. (2014) · Documenta Praehistorica · doi:10.4312/dp.41.11 · Cited by 14
“…other hand, it was suggested that lactase persistence appears in a relatively short period among dairy farmers in the northern Balkans in the Star≠evo and Körös cultures, and is subsequently dispersed by demic diffusion to Central and Western Europe in the area of Linear Pottery (Itan et al. 2009).”
BackgroundDenning, E. J., & Woolf, T. B. (2009) · Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1002/prot.22632 · Cited by 13
An integrated platform for intuitive mathematical programming modeling using LaTeX
Triantafyllidis, C. P., & Papageorgiou, L. G. (2018) · PeerJ Computer Science · doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.161 · Cited by 13
Evolutionary Medicine and Future of Humanity: Will Evolution Have the Final Word?
Saniotis, A., & Henneberg, M. (2013) · Humanities · doi:10.3390/h2020278 · Cited by 13
Positive selection of lactase persistence among people of Southern Arabia
Bayoumi, R., Fanti, S. D., Sazzini, M., Giuliani, C., Quagliariello, A., Bortolini, E., Boattini, A., Al‐Habori, M., Al-Zubairi, A. S., Rose, J. I., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.23072 · Cited by 12
“Interdependence of biological evolution of adult LP and cultural evolution of dairy farming is one of the most representative examples of the occurrence of gene-culture co-evolutionary processes (Beja-Pereira et al., 2003; Enattah et al., 2002; Itan et al., 2009; Swallow, 2003).”
BackgroundXu, C. A., Marnetto, D., Casey, F., & Huerta‐Sánchez, E. (2017) · Human Biology · doi:10.13110/humanbiology.89.1.05 · Cited by 13
“…the onset of selection from data collected from present-day Europeans varied widely (Bersaglieri et al. 2004; Peter et al. 2012; Burger et al. 2007; Itan et al. 2009; Enattah et al. 2007); estimates range from the very recent (~3,000 years ago; Bersaglieri et al. 2004; Allentoft et al. 2015) to…”
BackgroundA sex-specific evolutionary interaction between ADCY9 and CETP
Gamache, I., Legault, M., Grenier, J., Sánchez, R., Rhéaume, É., Asgari, S., Barhdadi, A., Zada, Y. F., Trochet, H., Luo, Y., et al. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.69198 · Cited by 13
18 Europe and western Asia: genetics and population history
Thomas, M., Kivisild, T., Chikhi, L., & Bürger, J. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444351071.wbeghm818 · Cited by 12
Self-citationPopulation Genetics of Lactase Persistence and Lactose Intolerance
Ingram, C. J. E., Liebert, A., & Swallow, D. M. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0020855.pub2 · Cited by 13
Noninvasive augmented sensory feedback in poststroke hand rehabilitation approaches
Cappello, L., Baldi, R., Engels, L. F., & Cipriani, C. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822828-9.00006-x · Cited by 11
Impact of cultural and genetic structure on food choices along the Silk Road
Aneli, S., Mezzavilla, M., Bortolini, E., Pirastu, N., Girotto, G., Spedicati, B., Berchialla, P., Gasparini, P., & Pagani, L. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2209311119 · Cited by 11
The Prediction of Protein‐Protein Interaction Sites Based on RBF Classifier Improved by SMOTE
Li, H., Pi, D., & Wang, C. (2014) · Mathematical Problems in Engineering · doi:10.1155/2014/528767 · Cited by 11
A Craniometric Perspective on the Transition to Agriculture in Europe
Pinhasi, R., & von Cramon‐Taubadel, N. (2012) · Human Biology · doi:10.1353/hub.2012.a470786 · Cited by 11
Translocation of soft phytoglycogen nanoparticles through solid-state nanochannels
Lenart, W. R., Kong, W., Oltjen, W. C., & Hore, M. J. A. (2019) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/c9tb01048c · Cited by 11
Popadowska, A., & Kempińska‐Podhorodecka, A. (2021) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/15579883211007272 · Cited by 10
Forward-in-Time, Spatially Explicit Modeling Software to Simulate Genetic Lineages under Selection
Currat, M., Gerbault, P., Di, D., Nunes, J. M., & Sanchez‐Mazas, A. (2015) · Evolutionary Bioinformatics · doi:10.4137/ebo.s33488 · Cited by 10
“5 A few studies have investigated the effects of positive or negative selection in a spatially explicit context, 6,7 but none of these have considered multiallelic loci under balancing selection, the main characteristics of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).”
BackgroundDetecting Selection from Linked Sites Using an F -Model
Galimberti, M., Leuenberger, C., Wolf, B., Szilágyi, S. M., Foll, M., & Wegmann, D. (2020) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.120.303780 · Cited by 10
Geschichte und Evolution der Lactose(in)toleranz. Das Erbe der frühen Viehzüchter
Höffeler, F. (2009) · Biologie in unserer Zeit · doi:10.1002/biuz.200910405 · Cited by 10
“Knochenfunde lassen vermuten, dass die Schlachtung von Schafen, Ziegen und Rindern im Südosten Europas bereits zu Beginn des Neolithikums praktiziert wurde [7], und dass im Nahen Osten ungefähr im frühen 8.”
BackgroundDrug‐resistant HIV ‐1 protease regains functional dynamics through cleavage site coevolution
Özer, N., Özen, A., Schiffer, C. A., & Haliloǧlu, T. (2014) · Evolutionary Applications · doi:10.1111/eva.12241 · Cited by 11
Neolithic pots and potters in Europe: the end of ‘demic diffusion’ migratory model
Budja, M. (2013) · Documenta Praehistorica · doi:10.4312/dp.40.5 · Cited by 11
“Lactase persistence frequencies rose rapidly in the ‘gene-culture co-evolutionary process on the wave front of a demographic expansion into central Europe’ and overlap well with the region where Linear Pottery culture (LBK) developed (Itan et al. 2009.”
BackgroundInfluentialRevisiting Consanguineous Marriage in the Greater Middle East: Milk, Blood, and Bedouins
Reilly, B. J. (2013) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/aman.12023 · Cited by 10
GEESE: Metabolically driven latent space learning for gene expression dataPreprint
Barsacchi, M., Andrés-Terré, H., & Lió, P. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/365643 · Cited by 10
Cow’s Milk Bioactive Molecules in the Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis in Human and Animal Studies
Yuzbashian, E., Berg, E. V., Zani, S. C. D. C., & Chan, C. B. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13172837 · Cited by 9
“However, it is seldom persistent in other regions worldwide [121,122].”
BackgroundPalma‐Morales, M., Mateos, A., Rodrı́guez, J., Casuso, R. A., & Huertas, J. R. (2022) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2022.111702 · Cited by 9
Steiner, M. C., & Novembre, J. (2022) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1010391 · Cited by 9
Martín, S. F., Enrich, L. B. D. L., & Zumajo, N. P. (1970) · Complutum · doi:10.5209/rev_cmpl.2015.v26.n1.49344 · Cited by 9
Character displacement of a learned behaviour and its implications for ecological speciation
Porter, C., & Benkman, C. W. (2019) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.0761 · Cited by 9
Satta, Y., Zheng, W., Nishiyama, K. V., Iwasaki, R. L., Hayakawa, T., Fujito, N. T., & Takahata, N. (2019) · Genes & Genetic Systems · doi:10.1266/ggs.19-00012 · Cited by 9
“, 2015), much shorter than 7,500 years based on the ABC approach (Itan et al., 2009), but within a wide range of allele ages roughly estimated by LRH conservation (Bersaglieri et al.”
BackgroundDemographic history and admixture dynamics in African Sahelian populations
Černý, V., Fortes‐Lima, C., & Tříska, P. (2020) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddaa239 · Cited by 9
Szilagyi, A., Leighton, H. G., Burstein, B. J., & Shrier, I. (2011) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581.2011.596641 · Cited by 9
“The same paradigm may apply to Europe also (27).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialUse of stochastic resonance methods for improving laparoscopic surgery performance
Hoskins, R. D., Wang, J., & Cao, C. G. L. (2015) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-015-4730-8 · Cited by 9
Blank, M., Tornberg, A., & Knipper, C. (2018) · Open Archaeology · doi:10.1515/opar-2018-0001 · Cited by 9
“, 2001) and the important source of D-vitamin (Itan et al., 2009) have been put forward as explanations.”
BackgroundKrūmiņa, A., Pliss, L., Zariņa, G., Puzuka, A., Zariņa, A., Lāce, B., Elferts, D., Владимирович, Х. А., Limborska, S., Kloviņš, J., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences · doi:10.2478/prolas-2018-0025 · Cited by 8
“…0.432 0.71 Estonians 355 0.515 0.64 Finns2 360 0.822 0.84 nda, no data available; 1 Gailite (Piekuse), unpublished data; 2 Bersaglieri et al., 2004; 3 Itan et al., 2009; 4 Smith et al., 2009; 5 Lember et al., 2006; 6 Cook, 2014; 7 Madry et al., 2011; 8 Bergholdt et al., 2015; 9 Kalibatiene et…”
InfluentialAsymmetric dynamic interaction shifts synchronized frequency of coupled oscillators
Yang, S.-G., Hong, H., & Kim, B. J. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58854-2 · Cited by 9
Fine-tuning of Approximate Bayesian Computation for human population genomics
Cooke, N. P., & Nakagome, S. (2018) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2018.06.016 · Cited by 9
White as milk: Biocentric bias in the framing of lactose intolerance and lactase persistence
Kaufman, E. J., & Tan, C. (2022) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13528 · Cited by 8
“The discourse around lactose intolerance normalises European experiences of lactase persistence, which is most prevalent among Europeans and some African, Middle Eastern and southern Asian groups whose ancestors belonged to dairying communities (Bayless et al., 2017; Itan et al., 2009; Jones et al., 2015).”
BackgroundAmin, M. R., Hasan, M., Arnab, S. P., & DeGiorgio, M. (2023) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msad216 · Cited by 9
“…hypothesized to have undergone positive selection by previous studies (e.g. Shatin 1968; Bersaglieri et al. 2004; Nielsen et al. 2005; Harris and Meyer 2006; Sabeti et al. 2007; Tishkoff et al. 2007; Ingram et al. 2009; Itan et al. 2009; Schlebusch et al. 2012; Fan et al. 2016; Cheng et al. 2017).”
Kitchen, J., & Allaby, R. G. (2013) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants2010016 · Cited by 7
“It has been widely used within a number of population genetics studies thus far (for example, see [121,122]).”
The Taste for Milk in Modern China (1865–1937)
Sabban, F. (2014) · Palgrave Macmillan eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137326416_9 · Cited by 8
Kučera, L., Peška, J., Fojtík, P., Barták, P., Sokolovská, D., Pavelka, J., Komárková, V., Beneš, J., Polcerová, L., Králík, M., et al. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23123247 · Cited by 9
“This supports the idea of the spreading of this mutation from one area [41].”
BackgroundWells, J. C. K., Pomeroy, E., & Stock, J. T. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.696516 · Cited by 11
Ali, A. T., Liebert, A., Lau, W., Maniatis, N., & Swallow, D. M. (2021) · Annals of Human Genetics · doi:10.1111/ahg.12444 · Cited by 8
Advances in personalized food and nutrition
Selvi, M. K., Sowmya, B., Kannan, T., Latha, M., Jena, I., Kumar, V. A., & Vijayaraj, P. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824369-5.00004-x · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Itan, Y., Powell, A., Beaumont, M. A., Burger, J., & Thomas, M. G.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- University of Reading (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Thomas, Mark G.
- Venue
- PLoS Computational Biology
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2009-08-28
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e1000491
- ISSN
- 1553-734X (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7358
- PMC
- PMC2722739
- OpenAlex
- W2151227169
- Cited by
- 569
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 19.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS Computational Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Arts and Humanities Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Digestive system and related health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Keywords
- lactase persistence, lactase gene, dairy production, gene-culture coevolution, positive selection, Neolithic, demic diffusion, approximate Bayesian computation, vitamin D, European ancestry, ancient DNA, subsistence strategies, West Asia
- MeSH terms
- Alleles, Bayes Theorem, Computer Simulation, Diet, Europe, Gene Frequency, Genetic Markers, Geography, Haplotypes, Humans, Lactose, Polymorphism, Genetic, Vitamin D, Evolution, Molecular, Computational Biology, Lactase
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
