Social Feedback and the Emergence of Rank in Animal Society
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Abstract
Dominance hierarchies are group-level properties that emerge from the aggression of individuals. Although individuals can gain critical benefits from their position in a hierarchy, we do not understand how real-world hierarchies form. Nor do we understand what signals and decision-rules individuals use to construct and maintain hierarchies in the absence of simple cues such as size or spatial location. A study of conflict in two groups of captive monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) found that a transition to large-scale order in aggression occurred in newly-formed groups after one week, with individuals thereafter preferring to direct aggression more frequently against those nearby in rank. We consider two cognitive mechanisms underlying the emergence of this order: inference based on overall levels of aggression, or on subsets of the aggression network. Both mechanisms were predictive of individual decisions to aggress, but observed patterns were better explained by rank inference through subsets of the aggression network. Based on these results, we present a new theory, of a feedback loop between knowledge of rank and consequent behavior. This loop explains the transition to strategic aggression and the formation and persistence of dominance hierarchies in groups capable of both social memory and inference.
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Animals will readily reorganize themselves into stable social hierarchies when placed into novel social groups.
“Our findings are also broadly consistent with studies in Burton’s mouthbrooder cichlid, A. burtoni [5,16,33], monk parakeets, Myiopsitta monachus [34], and rhesus macaques, M. mulatta, [8], which all demonstrate that animals will readily reorganize themselves into stable social hierarchies when placed into novel social groups.”
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- Authors
- Hobson, E. A., & DeDeo, S.
- Affiliations
- New Mexico State University (US)
- Santa Fe Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hobson, Elizabeth A.
- DeDeo, Simon
- Venue
- PLOS Computational Biology
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-09-10
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e1004411
- ISSN
- 1553-734X (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7358
- PMC
- PMC4565698
- OpenAlex
- W2121115245
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 11.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS Computational Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (DBI‐130042,6, 1137929, 0725032, 0947465, 1300426, GK‐12)
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (-1300426, DBI-1300426)
- American Ornithologists' Union
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (DBI‐1300426, NSF Award #DBI‐1300426)
- New Mexico State University
- Santa Fe Institute
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Keywords
- dominance hierarchy, social rank, social feedback, monk parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus, social memory, group formation, animal social behavior
- MeSH terms
- Aggression, Algorithms, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Conflict, Psychological, Parakeets, Social Dominance, Computational Biology, Feedback, Psychological
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