Genome-Wide Analysis of KAP1 Binding Suggests Autoregulation of KRAB-ZNFs
Open accessAbstract
We performed a genome-scale chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-chip comparison of two modifications (trimethylation of lysine 9 [H3me3K9] and trimethylation of lysine 27 [H3me3K27]) of histone H3 in Ntera2 testicular carcinoma cells and in three different anatomical sources of primary human fibroblasts. We found that in each of the cell types the two modifications were differentially enriched at the promoters of the two largest classes of transcription factors. Specifically, zinc finger (ZNF) genes were bound by H3me3K9 and homeobox genes were bound by H3me3K27. We have previously shown that the Polycomb repressive complex 2 is responsible for mediating trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 in human cancer cells. In contrast, there is little overlap between H3me3K9 targets and components of the Polycomb repressive complex 2, suggesting that a different histone methyltransferase is responsible for the H3me3K9 modification. Previous studies have shown that SETDB1 can trimethylate H3 on lysine 9, using in vitro or artificial tethering assays. SETDB1 is thought to be recruited to chromatin by complexes containing the KAP1 corepressor. To determine if a KAP1-containing complex mediates trimethylation of the identified H3me3K9 targets, we performed ChIP-chip assays and identified KAP1 target genes using human 5-kb promoter arrays. We found that a large number of genes of ZNF transcription factors were bound by both KAP1 and H3me3K9 in normal and cancer cells. To expand our studies of KAP1, we next performed a complete genomic analysis of KAP1 binding using a 38-array tiling set, identifying ~7,000 KAP1 binding sites. The identified KAP1 targets were highly enriched for C2H2 ZNFs, especially those containing Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) domains. Interestingly, although most KAP1 binding sites were within core promoter regions, the binding sites near ZNF genes were greatly enriched within transcribed regions of the target genes. Because KAP1 is recruited to the DNA via interaction with KRAB-ZNF proteins, we suggest that expression of KRAB-ZNF genes may be controlled via an auto-regulatory mechanism involving KAP1.
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The vast majority of L1s in the human genome are 5′ truncated; average L1 length is approximately 900 bp and 90-95% of all L1s are 5′ truncated.
“As the vast majority of L1s in the human genome are 5′ truncated (average L1 length is approximately 900bp, 90-95% of all L1s are 5′trunctated), this analysis was unsurprisingly skewed towards the 3′ end of L1s.”
From SIRT6 represses LINE1 retrotransposons by ribosylating KAP1 but this repression fails with stress and age (2014) · cites this paper as [54]
The Results section, “Identification of KAP1 Targets on a Genome-Wide Scale” (page unavailable), discusses KAP1 binding sites and an average binding-site span of 820 bp, not L1 length. Searches for L1/LINE-1, 5′ truncation, 900 bp, and 90–95% found no passage in our copy addressing the attributed L1 statistics. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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- Authors
- O'Geen, H., Squazzo, S. L., Iyengar, S., Blahnik, K., Rinn, J. L., Chang, H. Y., Green, R., & Farnham, P. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Farnham, Peggy J
- Venue
- PLoS Genetics
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2007-06-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e89
- ISSN
- 1553-7390 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7404
- PMC
- PMC1885280
- OpenAlex
- W2027785585
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 7.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS Genetics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Human Genome Research Institute (R01HG003129)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R56DK067889, R01DK067889)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
- Keywords
- KAP1, autoregulation, histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation, H3K27me3, SETDB1, polycomb repressive complex 2, transcriptional repression, NTERA-2 cells, human fibroblasts, homeobox genes
- MeSH terms
- Cell Line, DNA-Binding Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Histones, Humans, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Protein Binding, Repressor Proteins, Protozoan Proteins, Zinc Fingers, Genomics, Cell Line, Tumor
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