The Warburg effect is genetically determined in inherited pheochromocytomas
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The Warburg effect describes how cancer cells down-regulate their aerobic respiration and preferentially use glycolysis to generate energy. To evaluate the link between hypoxia and Warburg effect, we studied mitochondrial electron transport, angiogenesis and glycolysis in pheochromocytomas induced by germ-line mutations in VHL, RET, NF1 and SDH genes. SDH and VHL gene mutations have been shown to lead to the activation of hypoxic response, even in normoxic conditions, a process now referred to as pseudohypoxia. We observed a decrease in electron transport protein expression and activity, associated with increased angiogenesis in SDH- and VHL-related, pseudohypoxic tumors, while stimulation of glycolysis was solely observed in VHL tumors. Moreover, microarray analyses revealed that expression of genes involved in these metabolic pathways is an efficient tool for classification of pheochromocytomas in accordance with the predisposition gene mutated. Our data suggest an unexpected association between pseudohypoxia and loss of p53, which leads to a distinct Warburg effect in VHL-related pheochromocytomas.
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The tumorigenesis of pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and neuroblastomas seems to involve aberrant HIF-2 signaling, resulting in pseudohypoxic phenotypes linked to disseminated disease.
“Interestingly, the tumorigenesis of these closely related tumors seems to involve aberrant HIF-2 signaling, resulting in pseudohypoxic phenotypes linked to disseminated disease (Eisenhofer et al., 2004;Pietras et al., 2008;Favier et al., 2009).”
From Therapeutic targeting of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in cancer (2016) · cites this paper as Favier et al., 2009
The Results (Evaluation of HIFs Expression and Angiogenesis in PH/PGL; page unavailable) report elevated HIF-2α in VHL- and SDH-related pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, and the Discussion links HIF-2α to their pseudohypoxic pathway. The Discussion mentions HIF-2α observations in neuroblastoma, but this paper does not establish the proposed tumorigenic mechanism in neuroblastoma or link these pseudohypoxic phenotypes to disseminated disease. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Favier, J., Brière, J.-J., Burnichon, N., Rivière, J., Vescovo, L., Benit, P., Giscos-Douriez, I., De Reyniès, A., Bertherat, J., Badoual, C., Tissier, F., Amar, L., Libé, R., Plouin, P.-F., Jeunemaitre, X., Rustin, P., & Gimenez-Roqueplo, A.-P.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- La Ligue Contre le Cancer (FR)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- Hôpital Cochin (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Favier, Judith
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2009-09-18
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e7094
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2738974
- OpenAlex
- W2063687158
- Cited by
- 232
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 20.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- GIS-Institut des Maladies Rares
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Ear and Head Tumors
- Keywords
- Warburg effect, pheochromocytoma, pseudohypoxia, VHL gene, SDH genes, RET proto-oncogene, NF1 gene, mitochondrial electron transport chain, angiogenesis, glycolysis, p53 deficiency, cancer metabolism, germline mutations, gene expression profiling
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Hypoxia, Child, Electron Transport, Female, Glycolysis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mitochondria, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Pheochromocytoma, Genes, p53, Germ-Line Mutation, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
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