War and Bereavement: Consequences for Mental and Physical Distress
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the long-term impact of the killing of a parent in childhood or adolescence during war on distress and disability in young adulthood. This study assessed current prevalence rates of mental disorders and levels of dysfunction among young adults who had lost their father due to war-related violence in childhood or adolescence. METHODS: 179 bereaved young adults and 175 non-bereaved young adults were interviewed a decade after experiencing the war in Kosovo. Prevalence rates of Major Depressive Episode (MDE), anxiety, and substance use disorders, and current suicide risk were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The syndrome of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) was assessed with the Prolonged Grief Disorder Interview (PG-13). Somatic symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire. General health distress was assessed with the General Health Questionnaire. FINDINGS: Bereaved participants were significantly more likely to suffer from either MDE or any anxiety disorder than non-bereaved participants (58.7% vs. 40%). Among bereaved participants, 39.7% met criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 34.6% for PGD, and 22.3% for MDE. Bereaved participants with PGD were more likely to suffer from MDE, any anxiety disorder, or current suicide risk than bereaved participants without PGD. Furthermore, these participants reported significantly greater physical distress than bereaved participants without PGD. CONCLUSION: War-related loss during middle childhood and adolescence presents significant risk for adverse mental health and dysfunction in young adulthood in addition to exposure to other war-related traumatic events. Furthermore, the syndrome of PGD can help to identify those with the greatest degree of distress and dysfunction.
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Similar psychological effects have been found from wars and previous disease outbreaks.
“Similar psychological effects have been found from wars and previous disease outbreaks [10–13].”
From Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Morina, N., von Lersner, U., & Prigerson, H. G.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- ORCID
- Prigerson, Holly G.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-07-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e22140
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3134481
- OpenAlex
- W2154174229
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 9.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- prolonged grief disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive episode, anxiety disorders, suicide risk, substance use disorders, somatic symptoms, Kosovo War, young adult mental health, war trauma
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mental Disorders, Bereavement, Demography, Female, Grief, Health, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Stress, Physiological, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Suicide, Warfare, Prevalence, Young Adult
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