Cited by 359Exercise and Physiological ResponsesGastrointestinal motility and disordersCardiovascular and exercise physiology

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Exercise-Induced Splanchnic Hypoperfusion Results in Gut Dysfunction in Healthy Men

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van Wijck, Kim, Lenaerts, Kaatje, van Loon, Luc J. C., Peters, Wilbert H. M., Buurman, Wim A., Dejong, Cornelis H. C.·2011·PLoS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022366PMC PMC3141050

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Splanchnic hypoperfusion is common in various pathophysiological conditions and often considered to lead to gut dysfunction. While it is known that physiological situations such as physical exercise also result in splanchnic hypoperfusion, the consequences of flow redistribution at the expense of abdominal organs remained to be determined. This study focuses on the effects of splanchnic hypoperfusion on the gut, and the relationship between hypoperfusion, intestinal injury and permeability during physical exercise in healthy men. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Healthy men cycled for 60 minutes at 70% of maximum workload capacity. Splanchnic hypoperfusion was assessed using gastric tonometry. Blood, sampled every 10 minutes, was analyzed for enterocyte damage parameters (intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and ileal bile acid binding protein (I-BABP)). Changes in intestinal permeability were assessed using sugar probes. Furthermore, liver and renal parameters were assessed. Splanchnic perfusion rapidly decreased during exercise, reflected by increased gap(g-a)pCO(2) from -0.85±0.15 to 0.85±0.42 kPa (p<0.001). Hypoperfusion increased plasma I-FABP (615±118 vs. 309±46 pg/ml, p<0.001) and I-BABP (14.30±2.20 vs. 5.06±1.27 ng/ml, p<0.001), and hypoperfusion correlated significantly with this small intestinal damage (r(S) = 0.59; p<0.001). Last of all, plasma analysis revealed an increase in small intestinal permeability after exercise (p<0.001), which correlated with intestinal injury (r(S) = 0.50; p<0.001). Liver parameters, but not renal parameters were elevated. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise-induced splanchnic hypoperfusion results in quantifiable small intestinal injury. Importantly, the extent of intestinal injury correlates with transiently increased small intestinal permeability, indicating gut barrier dysfunction in healthy individuals. These physiological observations increase our knowledge of splanchnic hypoperfusion sequelae, and may help to understand and prevent these phenomena in patients.

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Figure 1 Physical exercise results in splanchnic hypoperfusion and intestinal cell damage. A) Gastric tonometry shows decreased splanchnic perfusion during cycling and post cycling (n = 9). B) Plasma I-FABP levels reflect the development of intestinal epithelial cell damage during cycling and post cycling in healthy volunteers (n = 20). C) Normalized plasma I-FABP levels measured during exercise tonometry correlate significantly with the normalized values of splanchnic hypoperfusion (gapg-a pCO2 t-20 min) in healthy men (samples from 9 men). Data are mean ± SEM. Different from baseline (t = 0) (* p<0.01, ** p<0.001, *** p<0.0001).CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2 Physical exercise leads to ileal epithelial damage and inflammation, but does not result in renal injury. A) Increased plasma IBABP levels point toward the development of exercise-induced ileal epithelial cell damage. B) Urinary NAG levels indicate absence of renal damage after cycling. Increased plasma MPO (C) and calprotectin (D) levels reveal exercise-induced inflammation in healthy volunteers. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 20). Different from baseline (t = 0) (NS, not significant; ** p<0.001, *** p<0.0001).CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 3 Physical exercise is associated with liver damage. Plasma L-FABP (A), ALT (B), AST (C), and alpha GST (D) suggest liver injury after cycling. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 20) of samples collected before, immediately after and 1 hour post cycling (* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001).CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 4 Physical exercise induces a mild increase in small intestinal permeability. A) Urinary L/R ratios over time are elevated from baseline, especially in the first 2 hours after cycling, but not to a significant level. B) Plasma permeability analysis revealed an overall increase in small intestinal permeability after exercise compared to rest (P<0.001). Plasma L/R ratios after exercise at individual time points were not significantly different from L/R ratios in rest. C) Permeability of the large intestine, reflected by the 5–24 h urinary S/E ratio, remains unaltered during exercise. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 6). Different from baseline (t = 0) (NS, not significant; ** p<0.001).CC BY · PubMed Central

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Gut check: Unveiling the influence of acute exercise on the gut microbiota
Grosicki, G. J., Langan, S. P., Bagley, J. R., Galpin, A. J., Garner, D., Hampton‐Marcell, J., Allen, J. M., & Robinson, A. T. (2023) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep091446 · Cited by 27
“…chronic physio-logicalresponsestoexercisevarysubstantiallyasafunctionofexercise intensity and duration, and it seems likely that intensity-and duration-dependent exercise-induced splanchnic hypoperfusion may contribute to differential remodelling of gut microbial ecology (van Wijck et al., 2011).”
Background
Barrier–environment interactions along the gut–brain axis and their influence on cognition and behaviour throughout the lifespan
Paton, S. E. J., Solano, J. L., Coulombe-Rozon, F., Lebel, M., & Ménard, C. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.220218 · Cited by 24
A systematic review: Role of dietary supplements on markers of exercise-associated gut damage and permeability
Chantler, S., Griffiths, A., Matu, J., Davison, G., Holliday, A., & Jones, B. L. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266379 · Cited by 31
“Exercise-associated splanchnic hypoperfusion leads to localised hypoxia and damage of the gastric endothelial cells [4].”
Background
Drugs, Guts, Brains, but Not Rock and Roll: The Need to Consider the Role of Gut Microbiota in Contemporary Mental Health and Wellness of Emerging Adults
Lee, J. E., Walton, D. M., O’Connor, C. P., Wammes, M., Burton, J. P., & Osuch, E. A. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23126643 · Cited by 27
Exercise‐induced changes to the human gut microbiota and implications for colorectal cancer: a narrative review
Boytar, A. N., Nitert, M. D., Morrison, M., Skinner, T. L., & Jenkins, D. G. (2022) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp283702 · Cited by 28
“…skeletal muscle may interact with the gut (Dainese et al., 2004; Egan & Zierath, 2013; Fehrenbach et al., 2000; Freeman et al., 2006; Kakiyama et al., 2013; Karol et al., 2006; Lira et al., 2010; Meissner et al., 2011; Otte et al., 2001; Song et al., 2012; Vital et al., 2014;Wijck et al., 2011).”
Background
The Effect of Gut-Training and Feeding-Challenge on Markers of Gastrointestinal Status in Response to Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Literature Review
Martinez, I. G., Mika, A. S., Biesiekierski, J. R., & Costa, R. J. S. (2023) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01841-0 · Cited by 35
“Changes in circulating concentrations of I-FABP are reflective of intestinal epithelial cell injury, as this protein is released when cells such as enterocytes are damaged and this has been shown to substantially increase with exertion and exertional-heat stress [63, 64].”
Background
The influence of exercise intensity and exercise mode on gastrointestinal damage
Edwards, K. H., Ahuja, K., Watson, G., Dowling, C., Musgrave, H., Reyes, J., Cherry, J., & Kitic, C. M. (2021) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2020-0883 · Cited by 23
“…in intestinal permeability (using a sugar probe) and/or I-FABP concentrations have been detected after as little as 20 minutes running at 80% V̇O2max (March et al. 2017), cycling for 60 minutes at 70% V̇O2max (Van Wijck et al. 2011) and running for 45 minutes at 70% V̇O2max (Lambert et al. 2008).”
Background
Systematic review: the impact of exercise on mesenteric blood flow and its implication for preoperative rehabilitation
Knight, K. A., Moug, S. J., & West, M. A. (2017) · Techniques in Coloproctology · doi:10.1007/s10151-017-1589-9 · Cited by 23
Changes in Urinary Biomarkers of Organ Damage, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Bone Turnover Following a 3000-m Time Trial
Tominaga, T., Ma, S., Sugama, K., Kanda, K., Omae, C., Choi, W., Hashimoto, S., Aoyama, K., Yoshikai, Y., & Suzuki, K. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10010079 · Cited by 25
“Several previous studies have reported that endurance exercise increases I-FABP and I-BABP in the circulation [7,31].”
Background
The Impact of Moderate or High-Intensity Combined Exercise on Systemic Inflammation Among Older Persons With and Without HIV
Erlandson, K. M., Wilson, M. P., MaWhinney, S., Rapaport, E. L., Liu, J., Wilson, C. C., Rahkola, J., Janoff, E. N., Brown, T. T., Campbell, T., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa494 · Cited by 21
“The decrease in I-FABP among PWH and lack of exacerbation of other systemic inflammatory markers does not suggest a detrimental effect on barrier function.”
BackgroundInfluential
Exercise Is Medicine? The Cardiorespiratory Implications of Ultra-marathon
Tiller, N. B., Stewart, G. M., Illidi, C. R., & Levine, B. D. (2020) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000738 · Cited by 22
“The pathophysiology of GI distress in ultra-marathon is multifactorial, but is likely attributable to reduced mesenteric blood flow and a relative GI hypoperfusion (73).”
Background
Temporal Transcript Profiling Identifies a Role for Unfolded Protein Stress in Human Gut Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Kip, A. M., Grootjans, J., Manca, M., Hadfoune, M., Boonen, B., Derikx, J. P. M., Biessen, E. A. L., Damink, S. W. M. O., Dejong, C. H. C., Buurman, W. A., et al. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.11.001 · Cited by 21
“Under physiologic conditions, the intestinal mucosa experiences profound fluctuations in blood flow (eg, intestinal perfusion is enhanced after meal ingestion and is diminished considerably during physical exercise).(2,3) In pathologic conditions, more severe impairment of intestinal”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Physiological monitoring for occupational heat stress management: recent advancements and remaining challenges
Notley, S. R., Meade, R. D., Looney, D. P., Chapman, C. L., Potter, A. W., Fogarty, A. L., Howlader, T., Main, L. C., Friedl, K. E., & Kenny, G. P. (2025) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2024-0395 · Cited by 25
Red Clover Isoflavones Influence Estradiol Concentration, Exercise Performance, and Gut Microbiota in Female Mice
Chen, Y., Wang, I., Zhu, X., Chiu, W., & Chiu, Y.-S. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.623698 · Cited by 20
The impact of exercise modality on exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome and associated gastrointestinal symptoms
Costa, R. J. S., Mika, A. S., & McCubbin, A. J. (2022) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2022.07.003 · Cited by 20
The Impact of Hyperthermia on Receptor-Mediated Interleukin-6 Regulation in Mouse Skeletal Muscle
Welc, S. S., Morse, D. A., Mattingly, A. J., Laitano, O., King, M. A., & Clanton, T. L. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148927 · Cited by 20
“For example, in heavy endurance exercise, circulating levels of catecholamines [21], endotoxin [22] or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) [11,12] have often been reported, and there are simultaneous elevations in muscle temperature.”
Background
Effects of aerobic exercise on gut microbiota in adolescents with subthreshold mood syndromes and healthy adolescents: A 12-week, randomized controlled trial
Wang, R., Cai, Y., Li, J., Yau, S., Lu, W., Stubbs, B., Su, K., Xu, G., So, K., Lin, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.025 · Cited by 21
Amino acids and sport: a true love story?
Goron, A., & Moinard, C. (2018) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-018-2591-x · Cited by 29
Acute glutamine supplementation does not improve 20-km self-paced cycling performance in the heat
Osborne, J. O., Stewart, I. B., Beagley, K. W., Borg, D. N., & Minett, G. M. (2019) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04234-2 · Cited by 19
The effect of prolonged interval and continuous exercise in the heat on circulatory markers of intestinal barrier integrity
McKenna, Z. J., Houck, J. M., Ducharme, J. B., Li, Z., Berkemeier, Q., Fennel, Z. J., Wells, A. D., Mermier, C. M., Deyhle, M. R., Laitano, O., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-022-05049-4 · Cited by 18
Gastrointestinal bleeding in athletes
Papantoniou, K. (2023) · Annals of Gastroenterology · doi:10.20524/aog.2023.0788 · Cited by 21
“This makes enterocytes at the tips of the villi very susceptible to low-flow states and ischemic events, such as the ones that take place during intense exercise [40].”
Background
The increase in core body temperature in response to exertional-heat stress can predict exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome
Henningsen, K., Mika, A. S., Alcock, R., Gaskell, S. K., Parr, A., Rauch, C., Russo, I., Snipe, R. M. J., & Costa, R. J. S. (2023) · Temperature · doi:10.1080/23328940.2023.2213625 · Cited by 18
High-intensity interval training and medium-intensity continuous training may affect cognitive function through regulation of intestinal microbial composition and its metabolite LPS by the gut-brain axis
Peng, M., Zou, R., Yao, S., Meng, X., Wu, W., Zeng, F., Chen, Z., Yuan, S., Zhao, F., & Liu, W. (2024) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122871 · Cited by 20
Intestinal damage following short-duration exercise at the same relative intensity is similar in temperate and hot environments
Sheahen, B., Fell, J. W., Zadow, E. K., Hartley, T. F., & Kitic, C. M. (2018) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2018-0057 · Cited by 19
“Just 10 min of cycling at 70% V̇O2max significantly reduces splanchnic perfusion (determined via gastric-arterialized pCO2) (van Wijck et al. 2011) and this reduction in blood flow is significantly correlated with an increase in circulating marker of intestinal damage, intestinal fatty-acid binding…”
Background
Timing of postexercise carbohydrate-protein supplementation: roles of gastrointestinal blood flow and mucosal cell damage on gastric emptying in humans
Kashima, H., Harada, N., Miyamoto, K., Fujimoto, M., Fujita, C., Endo, M. Y., Kobayashi, T., Miura, A., & Fukuba, Y. (2017) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00247.2017 · Cited by 18
“Strenuous exercise of high intensity and/or prolonged duration often causes a reduction of celiac artery blood flow (CABF) (28), superior mesenteric artery blood flow (SMABF) (28, 30), as well as blood flow in the gastric mucosa (27, 39, 44, 46), portal vein (31), and whole viscera (26, 33), resulting in serious damag…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
The Impact of a 24-h Low and High Fermentable Oligo- Di- Mono-Saccharides and Polyol (FODMAP) Diet on Plasma Bacterial Profile in Response to Exertional-Heat Stress
Gaskell, S. K., Henningsen, K., Young, P., Gill, P. A., Muir, J. G., Henry, R., & Costa, R. J. S. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15153376 · Cited by 19
Influence of aerobic fitness on gastrointestinal barrier integrity and microbial translocation following a fixed-intensity military exertional heat stress test
Ogden, H. B., Fallowfield, J. L., Child, R. B., Davison, G., Fleming, S. C., Delves, S. K., Millyard, A., Westwood, C. S., & Layden, J. D. (2020) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04455-w · Cited by 17
Plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein fails to predict endoscopic disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease patients
Bodelier, A. G. L., Pierik, M. J., Lenaerts, K., de Boer, E., Damink, S. W. M. O., Hameeteman, W. M., Masclee, A., & Jonkers, D. M. A. E. (2016) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000000616 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
High-intensity-exercise-induced intestinal damage is protected by fermented milk supplemented with whey protein, probiotic and pomegranate (Punica granatumL.)
Chaves, F. M., Baptista, I. L., Simabuco, F. M., Quaresma, P. G. F., Pena, F. D. L., Bezerra, R. M. N., Pauli, J. R., da Cunha, D. T., de Campos‐Ferraz, P. L., & Antunes, A. E. C. (2018) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114518000594 · Cited by 17
Pretransplant Serum Citrulline Predicts Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease
Rashidi, A., Shanley, R., Holtan, S. G., MacMillan, M. L., Blazar, B. R., Khoruts, A., & Weisdorf, D. J. (2018) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.06.036 · Cited by 17
What if gastrointestinal complications in endurance athletes were gut injuries in response to a high consumption of ultra-processed foods? Please take care of your bugs if you want to improve endurance performance: a narrative review
Álvarez‐Herms, J., González-Benito, A., Corbi, F., & Odriozola, A. (2023) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05331-z · Cited by 16
“Impair epithelial permeability (gut leaky syndrome), and promote changes in the gut microbiota (GM) ecosystem (van Wijck et al. 2011; Mach and Fuster-Botella 2017; Fernández et al. 2021; Ribeiro et al. 2021).”
Influential
Physiological and Pathophysiological Consequences of a 25-Day Ultra-Endurance Exercise Challenge
Tiller, N. B., Chiesa, S. T., Roberts, J., Turner, L. A., Jones, S. H., & Romer, L. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00589 · Cited by 16
A Bibliometric Analysis on the Research Trend of Exercise and the Gut Microbiome
Deng, R., Wang, M., Song, Y., & Shi, Y. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11040903 · Cited by 21
“Taking part in 10 min of high-intensity exercise can reduce intestinal blood flow by more than 50% and cause significant gut ischemia [94].”
Background
Changes in surrogate markers of intestinal epithelial injury and microbial translocation in young and older men during prolonged occupational heat stress in temperate and hot conditions
Lee, B., Flood, T. R., Galán-López, N., McCormick, J. J., King, K. E., Fujii, N., & Kenny, G. P. (2023) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05329-7 · Cited by 15
“%) are comparable to shorter, more intense bouts of work (van Wijck et al. 2011a, 2014), but can be considered negligible in nature, and likely of little clinical relevance (Costa et al. 2017a, b).”
Gut Microbiota and Exercise: Probiotics to Modify the Composition and Roles of the Gut Microbiota in the Context of 3P Medicine
Liu, Y., Hu, Y., Ma, B., Wang, Z., & Wei, B. (2025) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-025-02529-w · Cited by 19
Effects of an 8-Week Protein Supplementation Regimen with Hyperimmunized Cow Milk on Exercise-Induced Organ Damage and Inflammation in Male Runners: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Cross-Over Study
Ma, S., Tominaga, T., Kanda, K., Sugama, K., Omae, C., Hashimoto, S., Aoyama, K., Yoshikai, Y., & Suzuki, K. (2020) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines8030051 · Cited by 15
Running at Increasing Intensities in the Heat Induces Transient Gut Perturbations
Wallett, A. M., Etxebarria, N., Beard, N. A., Saunders, P. U., Welvaert, M., Périard, J. D., McKune, A. J., & Pyne, D. B. (2020) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2019-0973 · Cited by 14
Exercise Differentially Regulates Renalase Expression in Skeletal Muscle and Kidney
Czarkowska‐Pączek, B., Żendzian‐Piotrowska, M., Gala, K., Sobol, M., & Pączek, L. (2013) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.231.321 · Cited by 14
“Another cardiovascular adaptation to exercise comprises functional renal hypoperfusion, which results from blood redistribution to supply adequate oxygen and energy substrates to working muscles (van Wijck et al. 2011).”
The magnitude of physical exercise-induced hyperthermia is associated with changes in the intestinal permeability and expression of tight junction genes in rats
Hudson, A. S. R., Soares, A. D. N., Horta, N. A. C., Fuscaldi, L. L., Machado-Moreira, C. A., Soares, D. D., Coimbra, C. C., Poletini, M. O., Cardoso, V. N., & Wanner, S. P. (2020) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102610 · Cited by 13
Resistance Exercise Increases Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Markers of Gut Permeability, and Damage in Resistance-Trained Adults
Hart, T. L., Townsend, J. R., Grady, N., Johnson, K. D., Littlefield, L. A., Vergne, M. J., & Fundaro, G. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002967 · Cited by 13
“Such increases in I-FABP after exercise have also been correlated with the magnitude of intestinal permeability (5).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
No effects of a 4-week post-exercise sauna bathing on targeted gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function, and hsCRP in healthy men: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Karolkiewicz, J., Nieman, D. C., Cisoń, T., Szurkowska, J., Gałęcka, M., Sitkowski, D., & Szyguła, Z. (2022) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-022-00497-z · Cited by 13
“This may exert tensional stress on tight junctions leading to disturbances in intestinal barrier and transport protein function, secretory IgA (sIgA) production, and levels of mucins, antimicrobial molecules, and cytokines involved in zonulin regulation [4, 14].”
Background
Research Progress on the Mechanism of Intestinal Barrier Damage and Drug Therapy in a High Altitude Environment
Cheng, J., Sun, Y., Zhao, Y., Guo, Q., Wang, Z., & Wang, R. (2023) · Current Drug Delivery · doi:10.2174/1567201820666230309090241 · Cited by 13
Role of prior feeding status in mediating the effects of exercise on blood glucose kinetics
Moreno‐Cabañas, A., & Gonzalez, J. T. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00271.2023 · Cited by 15
Associations between various markers of intestinal barrier and immune function after a high‐intensity exercise challenge
Rubio, M. F. R., Folkesson, M., Kremp, C., Evertsson, N., Repsilber, D., Eriksson, U., Mall, J. G., Kadi, F., Brummer, R. J., & König, J. (2024) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.16087 · Cited by 14
“…et al., 2021; Costa et al., 2017), albeit studies investigating correlations between intestinal barrier function and symptoms have shown inconsistent results (Jeukendrup et al., 2000; Karhu et al., 2017; Pugh et al., 2017, 2019; van Nieuwenhoven et al., 2004; van Wijck, Lenaerts, et al., 2011).”
Result
Impact of 12-week exercise program on biomarkers of gut barrier integrity in patients with coronary artery disease
Feng, V., Bawa, K. K., Marzolini, S., Kiss, A., OH, P. I., Herrmann, N., Lanctôt, K. L., & Gallagher, D. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260165 · Cited by 13
“Possible mechanisms underlying increased intestinal permeability during acute exercise include a decrease in splanchnic blood flow as blood is diverted away from the gut to prioritize other organs potentially resulting in hypoxia and reperfusion injury of gut epithelial cells following acute exercise [18].”
Background
Local and latitudinal variation in abundance: the mechanisms shaping the distribution of an ecosystem engineer
Crutsinger, G. M., González, A. L., Crawford, K. M., & Sanders, N. J. (2013) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.100 · Cited by 13
Physical Activity as an Adjunct Treatment for People Living with HIV?
Enichen, E. J., Adams, R. B., & Demmig‐Adams, B. (2022) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276221078222 · Cited by 15
Role of cholecystokinin and oxytocin in slower gastric emptying induced by physical exercise in rats
da Silva, M. T. B., Palheta, R. C., Silva, C. M. S., Cavalcante, A. K. M., Quetz, J. D. S., Havt, A., de Lima, J. B. M., Mecawi, A. S., de Castro, M., Antunes‐Rodrigues, J., et al. (2021) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113355 · Cited by 13
The Effects of Beverage Intake after Exhaustive Exercise on Organ Damage, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Healthy Males
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“However, 1 h of exercise induces intestinal hyperpermeability and damage but does not result in endotoxemia [32].”
Background
Gut Leakage Markers in Response to Strenuous Exercise in Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Aune, S. K., Cwikiel, J., Flaa, A., Arnesen, H., Solheim, S., Awoyemi, A., Trøseid, M., Seljeflot, I., & Helseth, R. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10092193 · Cited by 12
“As I-FABP is an intracellular protein, it increases in the circulation in the case of intestinal cell damage [25].”
Background
The Emerging Role of the Aging Process and Exercise Training on the Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Telomere Length
Assis, V., Neto, I. V. D. S., Ribeiro, F. M., Marqueti, R. D. C., Franco, O. L., Aguiar, S. D. S., & Petriz, B. A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19137810 · Cited by 12
Effects of Ibuprofen during Exertional Heat Stroke in Mice
Garcia, C. K., Sheikh, L., Iwaniec, J., Robinson, G. P., Berlet, R., Mattingly, A. J., Murray, K. O., Laitano, O., & Clanton, T. L. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002329 · Cited by 11
Exercise and Heat Stress: Inflammation and the Iron Regulatory Response
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Four Weeks of Probiotic Supplementation Alters the Metabolic Perturbations Induced by Marathon Running: Insight from Metabolomics
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“Endurance exercise and high-intensity interval exercise both cause gut damage and GI distress, presumably due to splanchnic hypoxia, oxidative stress, hyperthermia and mechanical stress related to exercise and malabsorption of CHO consumed before and during exercise [3,4,16].”
Background
Role of the TNF‐α receptor type 1 on prostate carcinogenesis in knockout mice
Galheigo, M. R. U., Cruz, A. R., Cabral, Á. S., de Faria, P. R., Cordeiro, R. S., Silva, M. J. B., Tomiosso, T. C., Gonçalves, B. F., Pinto‐Fochi, M. E., Taboga, S. R., et al. (2016) · The Prostate · doi:10.1002/pros.23181 · Cited by 12
Blood flow in non-muscle tissues and organs during exercise: Nature of splanchnic and ocular circulation
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The effect of cycling in the heat on gastrointestinal-induced damage and neuromuscular fatigue
Osborne, J. O., Stewart, I. B., Beagley, K. W., & Minett, G. M. (2019) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04172-z · Cited by 11

Authors: van Wijck, K., Lenaerts, K., van Loon, L. J. C., Peters, W. H. M., Buurman, W. A., & Dejong, C. H. C.
Affiliations: Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
Corresponding author: Lenaerts, Kaatje
ORCID: Lenaerts, Kaatje
Buurman, Wim A.
Venue: PLoS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2011-07-21
Volume: 6
Issue: 7
Pages: e22366
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022366
PMC: PMC3141050
OpenAlex: W1986330043
Cited by: 359
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 16.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: GlaxoSmithKline
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords: splanchnic hypoperfusion, physical activity, gastrointestinal dysfunction, intestinal injury, intestinal permeability, intestinal barrier dysfunction, gastric tonometry, intestinal fatty acid binding protein, ileal bile acid binding protein, small intestine, healthy men
MeSH terms: Bacteria, Health, Humans, Inflammation, Kidney, Liver, Male, Perfusion, Permeability, Splanchnic Circulation, Exercise, Gastrointestinal Tract, Young Adult

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Exercise-Induced Splanchnic Hypoperfusion Results in Gut Dysfunction in Healthy Men

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