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Independent EEG Sources Are Dipolar
Open accessAbstract
Independent component analysis (ICA) and blind source separation (BSS) methods are increasingly used to separate individual brain and non-brain source signals mixed by volume conduction in electroencephalographic (EEG) and other electrophysiological recordings. We compared results of decomposing thirteen 71-channel human scalp EEG datasets by 22 ICA and BSS algorithms, assessing the pairwise mutual information (PMI) in scalp channel pairs, the remaining PMI in component pairs, the overall mutual information reduction (MIR) effected by each decomposition, and decomposition 'dipolarity' defined as the number of component scalp maps matching the projection of a single equivalent dipole with less than a given residual variance. The least well-performing algorithm was principal component analysis (PCA); best performing were AMICA and other likelihood/mutual information based ICA methods. Though these and other commonly-used decomposition methods returned many similar components, across 18 ICA/BSS algorithms mean dipolarity varied linearly with both MIR and with PMI remaining between the resulting component time courses, a result compatible with an interpretation of many maximally independent EEG components as being volume-conducted projections of partially-synchronous local cortical field activity within single compact cortical domains. To encourage further method comparisons, the data and software used to prepare the results have been made available (http://sccn.ucsd.edu/wiki/BSSComparison).
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“AMICA was selected based on its superior performance when compared with other ICA algorithms [237].”
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Xuan, R. P., Andreessen, L. M., & Zander, T. O. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroergonomics · doi:10.3389/fnrgo.2021.754472 · Cited by 3
Experimental Design and Data Analysis Strategies
Wirsich, J., Bagshaw, A. P., Guye, M., Lemieux, L., & Bénar, C. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07121-8_12 · Cited by 3
Miyakoshi, M., Kim, H., Nakanishi, M., Palmer, J. A., & Kanayama, N. (2023) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.26540 · Cited by 3
Self-citationFrank, G., Shirazi, S. Y., Palmer, J. A., Cauwenberghs, G., Makeig, S., & Arnaud Delorme, A. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE) · doi:10.1109/bibe60311.2023.00040 · Cited by 3
Self-citationBowers, A. L., & Hudock, D. (2024) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108906 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Delorme, A., Palmer, J., Onton, J., Oostenveld, R., & Makeig, S.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-02-15
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e30135
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3280242
- OpenAlex
- W2171746332
- Cited by
- 810
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 58.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0613595)
- National Institute of Mental Health (NS047293)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01-NS047293-01A1, R01NS047293)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Blind Source Separation Techniques
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Computational Mathematics › Tensor decomposition and applications
- Keywords
- independent component analysis, blind source separation, EEG source localization, dipole modeling, volume conduction, mutual information, principal component analysis, scalp EEG
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Brain, Brain Mapping, Computer Simulation, Electroencephalography, Humans, Scalp, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Principal Component Analysis
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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