Cited by 265Schizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health Research TopicsMental Health via Writing

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Speech Graphs Provide a Quantitative Measure of Thought Disorder in Psychosis

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Mota, Natalia B., Vasconcelos, Nivaldo A. P., Lemos, Nathalia, Pieretti, Ana C., Kinouchi, Osame, Cecchi, Guillermo A., Copelli, Mauro, Ribeiro, Sidarta·2012·PLoS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0034928PMC PMC3322168

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Psychosis has various causes, including mania and schizophrenia. Since the differential diagnosis of psychosis is exclusively based on subjective assessments of oral interviews with patients, an objective quantification of the speech disturbances that characterize mania and schizophrenia is in order. In principle, such quantification could be achieved by the analysis of speech graphs. A graph represents a network with nodes connected by edges; in speech graphs, nodes correspond to words and edges correspond to semantic and grammatical relationships. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To quantify speech differences related to psychosis, interviews with schizophrenics, manics and normal subjects were recorded and represented as graphs. Manics scored significantly higher than schizophrenics in ten graph measures. Psychopathological symptoms such as logorrhea, poor speech, and flight of thoughts were grasped by the analysis even when verbosity differences were discounted. Binary classifiers based on speech graph measures sorted schizophrenics from manics with up to 93.8% of sensitivity and 93.7% of specificity. In contrast, sorting based on the scores of two standard psychiatric scales (BPRS and PANSS) reached only 62.5% of sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The results demonstrate that alterations of the thought process manifested in the speech of psychotic patients can be objectively measured using graph-theoretical tools, developed to capture specific features of the normal and dysfunctional flow of thought, such as divergence and recurrence. The quantitative analysis of speech graphs is not redundant with standard psychometric scales but rather complementary, as it yields a very accurate sorting of schizophrenics and manics. Overall, the results point to automated psychiatric diagnosis based not on what is said, but on how it is said.

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Authors: Mota, N. B., Vasconcelos, N. A. P., Lemos, N., Pieretti, A. C., Kinouchi, O., Cecchi, G. A., Copelli, M., & Ribeiro, S.
Affiliations: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (BR)
Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center (US)
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (BR)
Corresponding author: Ribeiro, Sidarta
ORCID: Vasconcelos, Nivaldo A. P.
Kinouchi, Osame
Cecchi, Guillermo A.
Copelli, Mauro
Ribeiro, Sidarta
Venue: PLoS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2012-04-09
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Pages: e34928
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034928
PMC: PMC3322168
OpenAlex: W2091298722
Cited by: 265
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 5.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Americanae (AECID Library) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Governo Brasil
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (481506/2007-1)
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (01.06.1092.00)
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
Keywords: thought disorder, psychosis, schizophrenia, mania, differential diagnosis, graph theory, speech analysis, flight of ideas, automated psychiatric diagnosis, psychiatric symptoms
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Speech, Thinking, Young Adult

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Speech Graphs Provide a Quantitative Measure of Thought Disorder in Psychosis

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