Cited by 216Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsTraumatic Brain Injury Research

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Temporal Changes in Cell Marker Expression and Cellular Infiltration in a Controlled Cortical Impact Model in Adult Male C57BL/6 Mice

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Jin, Xuemei, Ishii, Hiroshi, Bai, Zhongbin, Itokazu, Takahide, Yamashita, Toshihide·2012·PLoS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0041892PMC PMC3404031

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) triggers a robust inflammatory response that leads to axonal damage and secondary degeneration of spared tissue. In contrast, some immune responses have neuroprotective effects. However, detailed information regarding the dynamics of immune responses after traumatic CNS injury is still unavailable. METHODS: In the present study, changes in the immune cells present in the injured brain, spleen, and cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), which are draining lymphatic organs from the CNS, were analyzed after controlled cortical impact (CCI) by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The number of neutrophils and macrophages that infiltrated the injured brain immediately increased 1 d post-injury and declined rapidly thereafter. In the injured brain, resident microglia showed a bimodal increase during the first week and in the chronic phase (≥3 weeks) after injury. Increase in the Iba-1(+) microglia/macrophages was observed around the injured site. Morphologic analysis showed that Iba-1(+) cells were round at 1 week, whereas those at 3 weeks were more ramified. Furthermore, CD86(+)/CD11b(+) M1-like microglia increased at 4 weeks after CCI, whereas CD206(+)/CD11b(+) M2-like microglia increased at 1 week. These results suggest that different subsets of microglia increased in the acute and chronic phases after CCI. Dendritic cells and T cells increased transiently within 1 week in the injured brain. In the CLNs and the spleen, T cells showed dynamic changes after CCI. In particular, the alteration in the number of T cells in the CLNs showed a similar pattern, with a 1-week delay, to that of microglia in the injured brain. CONCLUSION: The data from this study provide useful information on the dynamics of immune cells in CNS injuries.

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Additional file 1 of Selective neuroimmune modulation by type I interferon drives neuropathology and neurologic dysfunction following traumatic brain injury
Todd, B. P., Luo, Z., Gilkes, N., Chimenti, M. S., Peterson, Z. J., Mix, M. R., Harty, J. T., Nickl‐Jockschat, T., Ferguson, P. J., Bassuk, A. G., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23993241
Additional file 3 of ACT001 attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury via inhibiting AKT/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway
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Additional file 2 of ACT001 attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury via inhibiting AKT/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway
Cai, L., Gong, Q., Qi, L., Xu, T., Suo, Q., Li, X., Wang, W., Yao, J., Yang, D., Xu, Z., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19643451
Additional file 2 of Selective neuroimmune modulation by type I interferon drives neuropathology and neurologic dysfunction following traumatic brain injury
Todd, B. P., Luo, Z., Gilkes, N., Chimenti, M. S., Peterson, Z. J., Mix, M. R., Harty, J. T., Nickl‐Jockschat, T., Ferguson, P. J., Bassuk, A. G., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23993244

Authors: Jin, X., Ishii, H., Bai, Z., Itokazu, T., & Yamashita, T.
Affiliations: Japan Science and Technology Agency (JP)
Yunnan Agricultural University (CN)
Corresponding author: Yamashita, Toshihide
ORCID: Jin, Xuemei
Ishii, Hiroshi
Bai, Zhongbin
Itokazu, Takahide
Yamashita, Toshihide
Venue: PLoS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2012-07-24
Volume: 7
Issue: 7
Pages: e41892
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041892
PMC: PMC3404031
OpenAlex: W2025828188
Cited by: 211
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 8.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Japan Science and Technology Agency (CREST)
Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Keywords: controlled cortical impact, traumatic brain injury, microglia, macrophages, M1/M2 microglial polarization, dendritic cells, T cells, neutrophils, cervical lymph nodes, spleen, immune cell infiltration, neuroinflammation, Iba1, CD86, CD206
MeSH terms: Aging, Animals, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Cerebral Cortex, Dendritic Cells, Disease Models, Animal, Immunohistochemistry, Lymph Nodes, Macrophages, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microfilament Proteins, Neutrophils, Spleen, T-Lymphocytes, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Microglia, Mice

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Temporal Changes in Cell Marker Expression and Cellular Infiltration in a Controlled Cortical Impact Model in Adult Male C57BL/6 Mice

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