The Diversity and Biogeography of Western Indian Ocean Reef-Building Corals

Obura, David

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045013

Cited by 228Coral and Marine Ecosystems StudiesMarine Biology and Ecology ResearchMarine Ecology and Invasive Species

The Diversity and Biogeography of Western Indian Ocean Reef-Building Corals

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Obura, David·2012·PLoS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0045013PMC PMC3446983

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Abstract

This study assesses the biogeographic classification of the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) on the basis of the species diversity and distribution of reef-building corals. Twenty one locations were sampled between 2002 and 2011. Presence/absence of scleractinian corals was noted on SCUBA, with the aid of underwater digital photographs and reference publications for species identification. Sampling effort varied from 7 to 37 samples per location, with 15 to 45 minutes per dive allocated to species observations, depending on the logistics on each trip. Species presence/absence was analyzed using the Bray-Curtis similarity coefficient, followed by cluster analysis and multi-dimensional scaling. Total (asymptotic) species number per location was estimated using the Michaelis-Menten equation. Three hundred and sixty nine coral species were named with stable identifications and used for analysis. At the location level, estimated maximum species richness ranged from 297 (Nacala, Mozambique) to 174 (Farquhar, Seychelles). Locations in the northern Mozambique Channel had the highest diversity and similarity, forming a core region defined by its unique oceanography of variable meso-scale eddies that confer high connectivity within this region. A distinction between mainland and island fauna was not found; instead, diversity decreased radially from the northern Mozambique Channel. The Chagos archipelago was closely related to the northern Mozambique Channel region, and analysis of hard coral data in the IUCN Red List found Chagos to be more closely related to the WIO than to the Maldives, India and Sri Lanka. Diversity patterns were consistent with primary oceanographic drivers in the WIO, reflecting inflow of the South Equatorial Current, maintenance of high diversity in the northern Mozambique Channel, and export from this central region to the north and south, and to the Seychelles and Mascarene islands.

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The higher allelic richness in the Northern Mozambique Channel is consistent with the region's higher coral cover and diversity, which can be explained by current patterns (inflow of the South Equatorial Current transporting larvae), high connectivity from mixing in Northern Mozambique Channel eddies, and lower environmental stress than north of the region.
“These results are consistent with the higher coral cover and diversity found in the NMC, which can be explained by current patterns (such as the inflow of the SEC transporting larvae) combined with the high connectivity caused by mixing in the NMC eddies, and lower environmental stress than north of the NMC (McClanahan et al. 2014;Obura 2012).”
From Population genetics of the brooding coral Seriatopora hystrix reveals patterns of strong genetic differentiation in the Western Indian Ocean (2021) · cites this paper as Obura 2012
The same pattern was suggested for A. tenuis and is supported by the strong resemblance in coral species diversity between these sites.
“This pattern was also suggested for A. tenuis (van der Ven et al. 2016) and is supported by the strong resemblance in coral species diversity between these sites (Obura 2012).”
From Population genetics of the brooding coral Seriatopora hystrix reveals patterns of strong genetic differentiation in the Western Indian Ocean (2021) · cites this paper as Obura 2012
The Northern Mozambique Channel is considered a priority region for conservation and management because it has high coral cover and species richness, probably caused by historical high connectivity and low or geographically variable environmental stress.
“The NMC is considered a priority region for conservation and management efforts, as this region is high in coral cover and species richness, probably caused by historical high connectivity and low or geographically variable levels of environmental stress (McClanahan et al. 2007a(McClanahan et al. , 2014;;Obura 2012).”
From Population genetics of the brooding coral Seriatopora hystrix reveals patterns of strong genetic differentiation in the Western Indian Ocean (2021) · cites this paper as Obura 2012

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Estimating Connectivity Through Larval Dispersal in the Western Indian Ocean
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Comparative phylogeography of the western Indian Ocean reef fauna
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The biogeochemistry and oceanography of the East African Coastal Current
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Participatory reporting of the 2016 bleaching event in the Western Indian Ocean
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Seascape Genetics and the Spatial Ecology of Juvenile Green Turtles
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One species for one island? Unexpected diversity and weak connectivity in a widely distributed tropical hydrozoan
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Coexistence of Low Coral Cover and High Fish Biomass at Farquhar Atoll, Seychelles
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Expansion of the mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata in the Western Indian Ocean launched contrasting genetic patterns
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Managing coral reef fish community biomass is a priority for biodiversity conservation in Madagascar
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Phylogenomics of Porites from the Arabian Peninsula
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Large fluctuations but constant mean temperatures allow corals to persist in intertidal rock pools on the east coast of South Africa
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The Northern Mozambique Channel
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Optical Classification of the Coastal Waters of the Northern Indian Ocean
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Characteristics of shallow and mesophotic environments of the Pemba Channel, Tanzania: Implications for management and conservation
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Coral responses to a repeat bleaching event in Mayotte in 2010
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Large-scale biogeographic patterns are reflected in the genetic structure of a broadcast spawning stony coral
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High coral reef connectivity across the Indian Ocean is revealed 6–7 Ma ago by a turbid-water scleractinian assemblage from Tanzania (Eastern Africa)
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When Imagery and Physical Sampling Work Together: Toward an Integrative Methodology of Deep-Sea Image-Based Megafauna Identification
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British Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos Archipelago)
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The Small Giant Clam, Tridacna maxima Exhibits Minimal Population Genetic Structure in the Red Sea and Genetic Differentiation From the Gulf of Aden
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Diversity of Coral Reef Fishes in the Western Indian Ocean: Implications for Conservation
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Modern alongside traditional taxonomy—Integrative systematics of the genera Gymnangium Hincks, 1874 and Taxella Allman, 1874 (Hydrozoa, Aglaopheniidae)
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Sponges from Zanzibar host diverse prokaryotic communities with potential for natural product synthesis
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Stakeholder‐derived recommendations and actions to support deep‐reef conservation in the Western Indian Ocean
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Taxonomic and functional diversity of zooxanthellate corals and hydrocorals in Southwestern Atlantic reefs
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Coral reef potential connectivity in the southwest Indian Ocean
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Authors: Obura, D.
Affiliations: Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean (KE)
Corresponding author: Obura, David
ORCID: Obura, David
Venue: PLoS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2012-09-19
Volume: 7
Issue: 9
Pages: e45013
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045013
PMC: PMC3446983
OpenAlex: W1996588356
Cited by: 228
References: 76
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 10.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Greater South Information System
Funders: National Geographic Society
Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine Ecology and Invasive Species
Keywords: reef-building corals, scleractinian corals, coral species diversity, biogeography, Western Indian Ocean, Mozambique Channel, Chagos Archipelago, oceanographic drivers, South Equatorial Current
MeSH terms: Animals, Data Collection, Species Specificity, Water Movements, Cluster Analysis, Indian Ocean, Anthozoa, Biodiversity, Coral Reefs, Phylogeography

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The Diversity and Biogeography of Western Indian Ocean Reef-Building Corals

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