The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Distribution of Macrophages with a M1 or M2 Phenotype in Relation to Prognosis and the Molecular Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer
Abstract
High macrophage infiltration has been correlated to improved survival in colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play complex roles in tumorigenesis since they are believed to hold both tumor preventing (M1 macrophages) and tumor promoting (M2 macrophages) activities. Here we have applied an immunohistochemical approach to determine the degree of infiltrating macrophages with a M1 or M2 phenotype in clinical specimens of CRC in relation to prognosis, both in CRC in general but also in subgroups of CRC defined by microsatellite instability (MSI) screening status and the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). A total of 485 consecutive CRC specimens were stained for nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) (also denoted iNOS) as a marker for the M1 macrophage phenotype and the scavenger receptor CD163 as a marker for the M2 macrophage phenotype. The average infiltration of NOS2 and CD163 expressing macrophages along the invasive tumor front was semi-quantitatively evaluated using a four-graded scale. Two subtypes of macrophages, displaying M1 (NOS2(+)) or M2 (CD163(+)) phenotypes, were recognized. We observed a significant correlation between the amount of NOS2(+) and CD163(+) cells (P<0.0001). A strong inverse correlation to tumor stage was found for both NOS2 (P<0.0001) and CD163 (P<0.0001) infiltration. Furthermore, patients harbouring tumors highly infiltrated by NOS2(+) cells had a significantly better prognosis than those infiltrated by few NOS2(+) cells, and this was found to be independent of MSI screening status and CIMP status. No significant difference was found on cancer-specific survival in groups of CRC with different NOS2/CD163 ratios. In conclusion, an increased infiltration of macrophages with a M1 phenotype at the tumor front is accompanied by a concomitant increase in macrophages with a M2 phenotype, and in a stage dependent manner correlated to a better prognosis in patients with CRC.
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“However, observations obtained from macrophages involved in chronic inflammation, chronic infection, or cancer strongly suggest that the myeloid compartment has a much broader transcriptional repertoire depending on the different environmental signals received”
From Transcriptome-Based Network Analysis Reveals a Spectrum Model of Human Macrophage Activation (2014) · cites this paper as Edin et al., 2012
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Cites
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Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation
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Macrophage Diversity Enhances Tumor Progression and Metastasis
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Cited by
Transcriptome-Based Network Analysis Reveals a Spectrum Model of Human Macrophage Activation
Xue, J., Schmidt, S. V., Sander, J., Draffehn, A., Krebs, W., Quester, I., De Nardo, D., Gohel, T. D., Emde, M., Schmidleithner, L., et al. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.01.006 · Cited by 2,210
Macrophages and Therapeutic Resistance in Cancer
Ruffell, B., & Coussens, L. M. (2015) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2015.02.015 · Cited by 1,474
Metabolism of tissue macrophages in homeostasis and pathology
Wculek, S. K., Dunphy, G., Heras-Murillo, I., Mastrangelo, A., & Sancho, D. (2022) · Cellular & Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-021-00791-9 · Cited by 501
Wang, H., Tian, T., & Zhang, J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22168470 · Cited by 364
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The role of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor immune evasion
Huang, R., Kang, T., & Chen, S. (2024) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-024-05777-4 · Cited by 230
Lochhead, P., Chan, A. T., Nishihara, R., Fuchs, C. S., Beck, A. H., Giovannucci, E., & Ogino, S. (2015) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/modpathol.2014.81 · Cited by 206
Image based Machine Learning for identification of macrophage subsets
Rostam, H. M., Reynolds, P. M., Alexander, M. R., Gadegaard, N., & Ghaemmaghami, A. M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03780-z · Cited by 196
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Self-citationMetabolic reprogramming in tumors: Contributions of the tumor microenvironment
Lane, A. N., Higashi, R. M., & Fan, T. W.-M. (2020) · Genes & Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2019.10.007 · Cited by 91
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Autophagy: A Versatile Player in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer and Drug Resistance
Manzoor, S., Muhammad, J. S., Maghazachi, A. A., & Hamid, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.924290 · Cited by 45
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Metadata
- Authors
- Edin, S., Wikberg, M. L., Dahlin, A. M., Rutegård, J., Öberg, Å., Oldenborg, P.-A., & Palmqvist, R.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-10-15
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e47045
- ISSN
- 1932-6203
- PMC
- PMC3471949
- Cited by
- 454
- References
- 65
- Language
- en
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