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FNDC5/Irisin Is Not Only a Myokine but Also an Adipokine
Open accessAbstract
Exercise provides clear beneficial effects for the prevention of numerous diseases. However, many of the molecular events responsible for the curative and protective role of exercise remain elusive. The recent discovery of FNDC5/irisin protein that is liberated by muscle tissue in response to exercise might be an important finding with regard to this unsolved mechanism. The most striking aspect of this myokine is its alleged capacity to drive brown-fat development of white fat and thermogenesis. However, the nature and secretion form of this new protein is controversial. The present study reveals that rat skeletal muscle secretes a 25 kDa form of FNDC5, while the 12 kDa/irisin theoretical peptide was not detected. More importantly, this study is the first to reveal that white adipose tissue (WAT) also secretes FNDC5; hence, it may also behave as an adipokine. Our data using rat adipose tissue explants secretomes proves that visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and especially subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), express and secrete FNDC5. We also show that short-term periods of endurance exercise training induced FNDC5 secretion by SAT and VAT. Moreover, we observed that WAT significantly reduced FNDC5 secretion in fasting animals. Interestingly, WAT of obese animals over-secreted this hormone, which might suggest a type of resistance. Because 72% of circulating FNDC5/irisin was previously attributed to muscle secretion, our findings suggest a muscle-adipose tissue crosstalk through a regulatory feedback mechanism.
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“However, it is important to note that irisin is not a protein exclusively secreted by muscle tissue.”
From Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines and Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review of Current Knowledge and the Implications for Health and Metabolic Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as Roca-Rivada et al., 2013
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“He also found that both tissues secreted FNDC5/irisin under the stimulus of endurance training.”
From Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines and Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review of Current Knowledge and the Implications for Health and Metabolic Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as Roca-Rivada et al., 2013
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“The study presented by Arturo Roca-Rivada et al. was a pioneer in showing that WAT also secretes FNDC5, the precursor of irisin, indicating that it is not only a myokine but also an adipokine (Roca-Rivada et al., 2013).”
From Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines and Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review of Current Knowledge and the Implications for Health and Metabolic Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as Roca-Rivada et al., 2013
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“Furthermore, the secretion of FNDC-5 is around 40% higher in slow-oxidative fibre-type muscle (i.e. soleus) than in fast-glycolytic fibre-type muscle (i.e. gastrocnemius) [47].”
In the citing paper
“Irisin is mainly secreted by skeletal muscle cells, although some secretion was also reported in WAT [204] and, to a lesser extent, in BAT [204,205].”
From Mitochondrial Uncoupling: A Key Controller of Biological Processes in Physiology and Diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [204]
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Items 401–500 of 611
Lin, N., Lee, Y.-F., Chi, Y.-J., Wang, M.-F., Chan, Y., Chan, K., Chen, Y., & Chiu, Y.-T. (2016) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/jfbc.12264 · Cited by 11
Serum levels of irisin and nesfatin-1 in multiple sclerosis
Altaş, M., Uca, A. U., AKDAĞ, T., Odabaş, F. Ö., & Tokgöz, O. S. (2022) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0520 · Cited by 11
Li, Y., Li, X., Sun, D., & Cai, S. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis · doi:10.1002/jcla.22077 · Cited by 12
Campolo, J., Corradi, E., Rizzardi, A., Parolini, M., Dellanoce, C., Guglielmo, M. D. D., Tarlarini, P., Cattaneo, M., Trivella, M., & Maria, R. D. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229152 · Cited by 10
“The WAT is the second main source of circulating irisin concentrations [3].”
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Wu, S., Hassan, F., Luo, Y., Fatima, I., Ahmed, I., Ihsan, A., Safdar, W., Liu, Q., & Rehman, S. U. (2021) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology10111207 · Cited by 11
“Irisin is mainly secreted from subcutaneous, visceral adipose tissue and skeletal muscles [20,21], but a recent study also reported its presence in other tissues including the spleen, liver, brain, stomach, and testis [22].”
BackgroundYılmaz, H., Çakmak, M., Darçın, T., İnan, O., Şahiner, E. S., Demir, C., Aktaş, A., Bilgiç, M. A., & Akçay, A. (2016) · Renal Failure · doi:10.3109/0886022x.2016.1172918 · Cited by 11
“FNDC5/irisin is also an adipokine that is expressed and secreted mainly by adipose tissue.(28,30) Thus, this report”
BackgroundResultMeneck, F. D., de Souza, L. V., Brioschi, M. L., & Franco, M. D. C. (2021) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103010 · Cited by 10
Ambroszkiewicz, J., Chełchowska, M., Mazur, J., Rowicka, G., & Gajewska, J. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11144013 · Cited by 10
“It is worth noting that irisin acts in a pleiotropic manner and is not only a myokine but also an adipokine secreted by fat tissue [47].”
BackgroundCirculating Irisin Levels in Children With GH Deficiency Before and After 1 Year of GH Treatment
Ciresi, A., Pizzolanti, G., Guarnotta, V., & Giordano, C. S. D. S. (2018) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2018-01440 · Cited by 10
Rad, M. M., Bijeh, N., Hosseini, S. R. A., & Saeb, A. R. (2021) · Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research · doi:10.30699/jambs.29.134.125 · Cited by 10
“Although it is released from various tissues, the skeletal muscles can secrete more than 70% of irisin in humans (45).”
BackgroundZhang, L., Peng, X., Wang, Y., Cao, R., Zhang, Z., & Fu, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2022.823424 · Cited by 10
“Irisin ismainly released by white subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (9).”
BackgroundFurino, V. D. O., Alves, J. M., Marine, D. A., Sene‐Fiorese, M., Rodrigues, C. N. D. S., Arrais-Lima, C., Mattiello, S. M., de Castro, C. A., Borra, R. C., Rocha, M. C., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.564963 · Cited by 10
“homeostasis, and insulin resistance (Roca-Rivada et al., 2013; Guilford et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialBrinkmann, C., Weh-Gray, O., Bloch, W., Brixius, K., Predel, H.-G., & Kreutz, T. (2022) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-1284-5428 · Cited by 9
Etem, E. Ö., Diş, Ö., Tektemur, A., Korkmaz, H., & Kavuran, İ. B. (2021) · The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.5152/anatoljcardiol.2021.36214 · Cited by 9
“This hormone is also a thermogenic myokine that converts white adipose tissue (WAT) into brown adipose tissue (BAT) in response to the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC1α), leading to energy consumption and contributing to muscleadipose tissue cross-talk (3, 4).”
BackgroundIrisin and the muscle–brain axis: Mechanisms and translational potential
Arosio, B., & Picca, A. (2026) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2026.113028 · Cited by 11
Majeed, O. S. M. J. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.4172/2155-6156.1000471 · Cited by 9
“[23], proposed that the muscle/adipose irisin secretion ratio may depended on the physiological status, that with exercise training muscle tissue would strongly affect the FNDC5 circulating levels, whereas, in a typical BMI cases such as obesity, adipose tissue would actively elevate FNCD5/ irisin [24].”
BackgroundIrisin and Vascular Inflammation: Beneficial Effects of a Healthy Lifestyle Beyond Physical Activity
Restuccia, R., Perani, F., Ficarra, G., Trimarchi, F., Bitto, A., & Mauro, D. D. (2021) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612827666210208154105 · Cited by 9
Dogan, N., Ozuynuk, A. S., Balkanay, O. O., Yıldız, C. E., Güçlü-Geyik, F., Kirsan, C. B., & Çoban, N. (2023) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2023.147988 · Cited by 8
Tan, Z., Ye, Z., Zhang, J., Chen, Y., Cheng, C., Wang, C., Liu, X., Lou, T., & Peng, H. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176137 · Cited by 9
Irisin/FNDC5: A participant in camel metabolism
Kirat, D., Hamada, M. M. Z., Moustafa, A., & Miyasho, T. (2020) · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.061 · Cited by 10
“This finding was in agreement with results reported by Saeb et al. (2010) and El Khasmi et al. (2015), who reported hyper-cortisolemia in camels after a stressful event such as road transport and revealed that this increase was positively correlated with the transportation distance.”
ResultSoliman, S., Gad, R., Senosy, T., Higazi, A., & El-Shereef, R. R. (2021) · The Egyptian Rheumatologist · doi:10.1016/j.ejr.2021.10.008 · Cited by 9
Maternal circulating levels of irisin in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Kırbaş, A., Dağlar, K., Tımur, H., Biberoglu, E. H., İnal, H. A., Kara, Ö., Yilmaz, Z., Türkmen, G. G., & Danışman, N. (2015) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767058.2015.1132694 · Cited by 9
“Irisin, which is described as a myokine, an adipokine and a neurokine, is produced by the proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain of a transmembrane protein called fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 [23].”
BackgroundAlataş, E. T., Kalaycı, M. Z., Kara, A., & Doğan, G. (2016) · Dermatologica Sinica · doi:10.1016/j.dsi.2016.08.004 · Cited by 9
Pimenta, F. S., Tose, H., Waichert, É., da Cunha, M. R. H., Campos, F. V., Vasquez, E. C., & Mauad, H. (2019) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-019-0988-5 · Cited by 9
“Obese animals show higher expression of this peptide, suggesting some level of resistance to its effects [52, 53].”
BackgroundIrisin Regulates Hepatic Glucose Metabolism via AMPK and PI3K/Akt Activation
Zhi, S., Yang, L., Yang, G., Qin, C., Yan, X., Niu, M., Zhang, W., Liu, M., Zhao, M., & Nie, G. (2022) · Aquaculture Nutrition · doi:10.1155/2022/1946960 · Cited by 9
“Previous studies have shown that irisin was mainly produced by skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in mammals [32].”
BackgroundRole of irisin in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders and its therapeutic potential
Khalil, R. G., Atia, T. A., Yousef, A. I., Sakr, H. I., & Ahmed, O. M. (2025) · Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences · doi:10.1186/s43088-025-00643-9 · Cited by 8
Niiranen, L., Mäkelä, K. A., Mutt, S. J., Viitanen, R., Kaisanlahti, A., Vicente, D., Noponen, T., Autio, A. K., Roivainen, A., Nuutila, P., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22179623 · Cited by 9
“Irisin is an adipomyokine [33], cleaved from its parent molecule FNDC5, a G-protein coupled transmembrane protein found in adipose and muscle tissue [34].”
BackgroundCheng, Y., Ma, J., & Bo, S. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.17958 · Cited by 10
Wang, Z., Li, L., Yang, M., Li, B., & Hu, S. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26083550 · Cited by 11
“Moreover, Irisin is produced by a variety of tissues; it is not only secreted by skeletal muscle but also released by adipose tissue, the heart, the brain, and other organs [61].”
Irisin levels in LMNA-associated partial lipodystrophies
Bensmaine, F., Benomar, K., Espiard, S., Vahé, C., Mapihan, K. L., Lion, G., Lemdani, M., Chazard, E., Ernst, O., Vigouroux, C., et al. (2018) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2018.08.003 · Cited by 8
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“Irisin was discovered by Bostrom et al as a myokine in 2012 (Bostr€om et al. 2012) Also, it was recently recognised as a new adipokine (Moreno-Navarrete et al. 2013, Roca-Rivada et al. 2013).”
BackgroundSerum levels of irisin and nesfatin-1 in multiple sclerosis
Altaş, M., Uca, A. U., Akdağ, T., Odabaş, F. Ö., & Tokgöz, O. S. (2022) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 8
Exercise‐regulated white adipocyte differentitation: An insight into its role and mechanism
Yan, L.-J., & Guo, L. (2023) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.31056 · Cited by 9
Rodrigues, K. F., Pietrani, N. T., Bosco, A., Ferreira, C. N., & Gomes, K. B. (2016) · Apollo Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.apme.2016.02.010 · Cited by 8
Trombeta, J. C. D. S., Prestes, J., Nascimento, D. D. C., Tibana, R. A., Pereira, G. B., Lima, T. D. R., Fraga, G. A., Vieira, R. C., & Voltarelli, F. A. (2017) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1590/2359-3997000000270 · Cited by 8
“Although the skeletal muscle is the tissue with the highest expression of FNDC5/ irisin (2), other tissues, including the adipose tissue, are responsible for secreting irisin (6,7,23).”
BackgroundHussein, S., Youssef, A. M., Mohamed, D. A., Abdullah, D. M., & Abdelrahman, S. A. (2021) · Current Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1874467214666210521170339 · Cited by 7
Casamitjana, L., Blanco‐Hinojo, L., Giménez‐Palop, O., Pujol, J., Martínez‐Vilavella, G., Esteba‐Castillo, S., Pareja, R., Freijo, V., Vigil, L., Deus, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11071831 · Cited by 7
“Indeed, it has been hypothesized that pathological conditions like obesity render adipose tissue and metabolic dysfunction even more relevant for irisin production than other body tissues [60].”
BackgroundXing, B., Hou, X., Zhang, G., Wu, H., Feng, N., Li, Y., & Han, G. (2023) · Current Protein and Peptide Science · doi:10.2174/1389203724666230228140808 · Cited by 7
Fazlıoğlu, N., Uysal, P., Durmuş, S., Yurt, S., Gelışgen, R., & Uzun, H. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13101440 · Cited by 7
“Because it is also secreted from adipose tissue, it is also accepted as an adipokine [16,18].”
BackgroundSaleh, B. O. M., Majeed, M. J., & Oreaby, G. M. (2014) · IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences · doi:10.9790/0853-13932835 · Cited by 7
Gavrieli, A., Panagiotou, G., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2016) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.99 · Cited by 7
The Diagnostic Value of Irisin in Pediatric Patients with Acute Abdominal Pain
Saraç, F., Sarsu, S. B., Yeniocak, S., Şahin, K., Yücetaş, E., Dogan, Y., Koldaş, M., & Uzun, Ö. Ü. (2018) · Emergency Medicine International · doi:10.1155/2018/3296535 · Cited by 7
Irisin in elderly people with hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, and overweight and obesity
Guo, X., Xuan, X., Zhao, B., Wang, Y., Zhong, S., Su, Y., Yu, X., Cheng, Q., Zhao, B., Wang, Y., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries · doi:10.1007/s13410-019-00772-9 · Cited by 7
Irisin Attenuates Muscle Impairment during Bed Rest through Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk
D’Amuri, A., Sanz, J. M., Lazzer, S., Pišot, R., Šimunič, B., Biolo, G., Zuliani, G., Gasparini, M., Narici, M. V., Grassi, B., et al. (2022) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology11070999 · Cited by 7
“The muscle/adipose irisin secretion ratio might vary; circulating irisin levels determined after exercise are strongly affected by muscle tissue, while the relative contribution of adipose tissue is increased in obesity [32].”
BackgroundΜαρκοπούλου, Π., Koutroumpa, A., Mantzou, A., Margeli, A. P., Papanikolaou, E., & Siahanidou, T. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13010120 · Cited by 7
“Moreover, adipose tissue partitioning alterations and, specifically, the prematurity-related predisposition to a more central fat deposition pattern may be responsible for the decreased irisin levels in the preterm-born individuals compared to full-term peers [33,51] since visceral adipose tissue has a minor contribut…”
BackgroundArmannia, F., Ghazalian, F., Shadnoush, M., Keyvani, H., & Gholami, M. (2022) · Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · doi:10.47176/mjiri.36.161 · Cited by 10
“FNDC5/irisin produced by adipose tissue has been proven to be an adipokine that can regulate adipocyte action (59, 60).”
BackgroundThe Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Irisin Level: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Bidares, M., Safari‐Kish, B., Abedi, M., Malekzadeh‐Shoushtari, H., Jasemnezhad, M., Azarbayejani, N., Aziz, M., Jahromi, S. P., Fouladi, S., & Azizi-Soleiman, F. (2023) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-023-06764-3 · Cited by 7
“During the last three decades, the prevalence of obesity has been on a dramatic surge [1, 2].”
Background10 km running race induces an elevation in the plasma myokine level of nonprofessional runners
Marcucci-Barbosa, L. S., Júnior, F. D. A. D. M., Lobo, L. F., Morais, M. G., Moreira, J. M., Vieira, É. L. M., & Nunes-Silva, A. (2019) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-019-00608-3 · Cited by 7
Huang, S.-Y., Chung, M., Kung, C.-W., Chen, S., Chen, Y., Pan, T., Cheng, P., Shen, H., & Lee, Y. (2024) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes23048 · Cited by 6
“18,19 We investigated whether ALA treat-ment affected the level of circulating irisin in Ovx rats.”
BackgroundPotential role of integrin αV as irisin receptor and advances in research
Bai, Z., Chen, Z., Sun, T., Ma, C., & Meng, A. (2025) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171439 · Cited by 9
Kadhim, H., Kadhim, Y. M., Fawzi, H. A., Khalik, Z. M. A., Jawad, A. M., & Ghédira, K. (2025) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules30112394 · Cited by 6
“…of diabetes complications: augmentation of the polyol pathway, heightened formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), increased expression of AGEs receptors and their activating ligands, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, and hyperactivity of the hexosamine pathway [8,9].”
Sun, C., Yang, X., & Feng, X. (2025) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-025-02527-x · Cited by 6
“Irisin [ 39, 40], a fat-derived factor produced by adi - pose tissue, is a myokine and a cleaved form of fibronectin found a negative correlation between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein choles - terol ratio (NHHR) and muscle mass, with higher NHHR…”
Irisina: ¿transmisor de mensajes del Olimpo?
Moreno, M., Moreno‐Navarrete, J. M., & Fernández‐Real, J. M. (2013) · Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.arteri.2013.11.002 · Cited by 7
Trombeta, J. C. D. S., Vieira, R. C., Cavaglieri, C. R., Bonfante, I. L. P., Prestes, J., Tibana, R. A., Ghayomzadeh, M., Souza, V. C., SeyedAlinaghi, S., Navalta, J. W., et al. (2021) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/homo5275 · Cited by 6
“However, little is known about irisin and PLWHA, since these participants present major changes in the two main secretory tissues (muscle and fat) of this protein, as decreased muscle mass and the accumulation of adipose tissue in the abdominal area (30, 34).”
BackgroundVarikasuvu, S. R., Pérez-López, F. R., Thangappazham, B., Raj, H., & Vykunta, A. (2021) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2021.1998439 · Cited by 6
“Irisin, a newly identified peptide secreted as a myokine [8], adipokine [9] and neurokine [10] has been reported to regulate glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and body weight in metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and PCOS [11–13].”
BackgroundVivek, K., Thangappazham, B., Vykunta, A., Kulkarni, P. P., Pérez-López, F. R., & Varikasuvu, S. R. (2022) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2021.2025217 · Cited by 6
“Irisin was first identified as a myokine and later reported as an adipokine that drives thermogenesis and browning of white adipose tissue [9,10].”
BackgroundFNDC5 Promotes Adipogenic Differentiation of Primary Preadipocytes in Mashen Pigs
Hei, W., You, Z., An, J., Zhao, T., Li, J., Zhang, W., Li, M., Yang, Y., Gao, P., Cao, G., et al. (2022) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes14010090 · Cited by 6
“Furthermore, the expression of FNDC5 in visceral adipose and epididymal adipose of mice increased significantly after endurance training [13].”
BackgroundWang, Y., Zhang, L., Wu, L., Cao, R., Peng, X., & Fu, L. (2023) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s391219 · Cited by 7
“Studies also demonstrated that irisin is not only a myokine but also an adipokine, with important autocrine and paracrine functions.(34) Luo et al(3) proposed that lack of irisin was associated with a poor browning response, glucose/lipid derangement, and decreased bone mass in mice.”
BackgroundYin, J.-J., Yang, S.-L., Zha, X.-J., Miao, Z., Sheng, C., Yang, P., Wang, X.-C., & Qu, S. (2023) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-022-06426-w · Cited by 6
Taş, D., Akman, A. Ö., Akgül, S., Metin, Z. E., Pinar, A., & Kanbur, N. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.0119 · Cited by 6
“While evaluating the changes of circulating irisin levels during puberty, it should not be overlooked that irisin is an adipomyokine (10) and its levels may depend on the ratio of body fat and muscle mass (9) which varies with gender and pubertal stage during adolescence.”
Backgroundİrisin ve Vasküler Kontraktilite Üzerine Etkileri
Demirel, S., Şahintürk, S., & Özyener, F. (2020) · SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.17343/sdutfd.718412 · Cited by 5
Impact of Different Adipose Depots on Cardiovascular Disease
Díaz-Cañestro, C., & Xu, A. (2021) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fjc.0000000000001131 · Cited by 7
Erşan, S., & Erşan, E. E. (2020) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2020.0104 · Cited by 6
Broek, M., de Heide, L. J. M., Veeger, N. J. G. M., van der Wal-Oost, A. M., & Beek, V. A. (2016) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000446744 · Cited by 11
Exerkines: Benign adaptation for exercise and benefits for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Jin, X., Hong, S., & Tian, H. (2024) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150305 · Cited by 5
AB0349 The serum level of irisin is decreased in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Kalkan, A., Özmen, M., Birlik, B., Kozacı, L. D., Turkmen, I., Solmaz, D., Gerçik, Ö., Gücenmez, S., & Akar, S. (2017) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.2040 · Cited by 5
Gliwińska, A., Badeńska, M., Dworak, M., Świętochowska, E., Badeński, A., Bjanid, O., Trembecka-Dubel, E., Morawiec‐Knysak, A., & Szczepańska, M. (2024) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-024-03767-9 · Cited by 5
“The literature shows, that Ir is involved in thermogenesis by supporting the process of turning white adipose tissue (WAT) into brown adipose tissue (BAT) [31–33].”
BackgroundMicroRNA dynamics in irisin-mediated signaling pathways within adipose tissue
Ho, M.-Y., Chiu, K.-P., Tsai, M., Yeh, J., Huang, Y., Li, Y., Wang, H., Hsieh, C., Wen, M., & Wang, C. (2024) · Journal of Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12038-024-00475-2 · Cited by 5
Shantavasinkul, P. C., Omotosho, P. A., Corsino, L., Muehlbauer, M. J., Chattranukulchai, P., & Torquati, A. (2022) · Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques · doi:10.1089/lap.2021.0558 · Cited by 5
“28,29 Roca-Rivada et al. 22 demonstrated that irisin is also produced by the adipocyte, and they also reported that WAT from obese mice oversecrete irisin as a reflection of resistance.”
Alipoor, E., Hosseinzadeh‐Attar, M. J., Vasheghani‐Farahani, A., Salmani, M., Rezaei, M., Namkhah, Z., Ahmadpanahi, M., Jenab, Y., Alidoosti, M., & Yaseri, M. (2023) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156314 · Cited by 5
Maio, G. D., Alessio, N., Ambrosino, A., Sammarraie, S. H. A. A., Monda, M., & Bernardo, G. D. (2024) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.30565 · Cited by 5
“23,24 One possible explanation is that Irisin represents an adaptive response aimed at counteracting metabolic disorders induced by obesity.”
BackgroundIncreased Irisin Concentrations in Patients with Crimean- Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Büyüktuna, S. A., Doğan, H. O., Bakır, D., Erşan, S., Koç, D., & Bakır, S. (2017) · Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.432 · Cited by 5
“In a recent study, Rivada-Roca et al reported that irisin is a potential adipokine, and is secreted by subcutaneous adipose tissue (17).”
BackgroundIrisin: As a Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Disorders
Khan, I. U. (2018) · Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.14740/jem528w · Cited by 5
Mai, S., Fintini, D., Mele, C., Convertino, A., Bocchini, S., Grugni, G., Aimaretti, G., Vietti, R., Scacchi, M., Crinò, A., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.918467 · Cited by 5
“Irisin, a myokine that induces the browning of WAT and regulates the transcription of thermogenic genes (16), has recently attracted attention for its potential role in obesity and metabolic syndrome via regulation of WAT accumulation and body weight control (48).”
BackgroundInfluentialRocha, G. D. S., Ferreira, R. D. S., Pimenta, N. D. M. A., da Fonseca, L. M., Mafra, D., de Azeredo, V. B., da Fonseca, A. D. S., & Barroso, S. G. (2016) · Clinical Nutrition Experimental · doi:10.1016/j.yclnex.2016.02.001 · Cited by 5
Herouvi, D., Vlachopapadopoulou, E. A., Vakaki, M., Gouriotis, D., Marmarinos, A., Kalpia, C., Kossiva, L., Tsolia, M., & Karavanaki, K. (2024) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-024-04139-x · Cited by 5
“…cleaved from the transmembrane precursor FNDC5 ( fi bronectin type III domain-containing protein 5) and secreted mainly by muscles, although new evidence con fi rmed that is secreted also by AT, especially subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT), therefore is characterized as an adipomyokine [10].”
Fan, Z., Wu, F., Wang, P., Wu, L., Zhang, J., Li, W., Pang, Q., & Zhang, A. (2025) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000543214 · Cited by 4
“…analysis, we found both lean mass and fat mass to be positively correlated with IPAQ scores, which may be mainly because both fat and muscle can secrete irisin [37], suggesting the presence of a virtuous circle between irisin and muscle and adipose tissues that stimulates better motor function.”
Saez, V. M., Perdicaro, D. J., Lanzi, C. R., Cremonini, E., Oteiza, P. I., & Prieto, M. A. V. (2025) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2025.110708 · Cited by 4
Kang, D.-W., Koh, S.-H., Kim, M.-K., & Kim, D. (2024) · Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives · doi:10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0394 · Cited by 4
Rahimi, M. R., Mahmazi, S., Abbaspoor, M., Rahnema, M., Saifalddin, D. L., Ghanbari, N., Kolahdouzi, S., & Golpasandi, H. (2025) · Economy of Tajikistan · doi:10.61882/phypha.29.2.171 · Cited by 4
Irisin and Metabolic Disorders
Esfahani, M., Baranchi, M., & Goodarzi, M. T. (2015) · Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry · doi:10.17795/ajmb-33230 · Cited by 4
“They found that FNDC5/irisin has a special pattern of secretion, depending on the anatomical location of the adipose tissue (11).”
BackgroundUpregulation of CCL5/RANTES Gene Expression in the Diaphragm of Mice with Cholestatic Liver Disease
Morales, V., González, A., & Cabello‐Verrugio, C. (2023) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26163-3_11 · Cited by 4
Kozioł-Kozakowska, A., Wójcik, M., Januś, D., & Starzyk, J. (2023) · Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism · doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.127273 · Cited by 4
“Thus, the action of irisin explains some of the most important benefits of physical activity [13, 16].”
BackgroundRodziewicz-Flis, E. A., Juhas, U., Kortas, J. A., Jaworska, J., Bidzan-Bluma, I., Babińska, A., Micielska, K., Żychowska, M., Lombardi, G., Antosiewicz, J., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1151184 · Cited by 4
Więcek, M., Mardyła, M., Szymura, J., Kantorowicz, M., Kuśmierczyk, J., Maciejczyk, M., & Szyguła, Z. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26010350 · Cited by 4
Irisin levels increase during experimentally induced acute myocardial infarction
Sarıoğlu, G., & Korkmaz, H. (2016) · Current research. Cardiology · doi:10.4172/2368-0512.1000055 · Cited by 4
“1 chromosomal region in humans, the gene is localized in the 5q36 chromosomal region in rats (12).”
BackgroundTHE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF OLEUROPEIN ON ADIPOSE TISSUE BROWNING IN TREADMILL EXERCISED OBESE RATS
Ramadan, B. K., Salama, A., & Meselhy, K. M. (2017) · Al-Azhar Medical Journal · doi:10.12816/0045174 · Cited by 4
“Many of the molecular events responsible for the curative and protective role of exercise remain elusive (Roca-Rivada et al., 2013).”
BackgroundErcan, Z., Deniz, G., Caf, F., Algül, Ş., Gazioğlu, A., & Kavaklı, A. (2019) · Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research · doi:10.3727/036012919x15650315071924 · Cited by 4
“Irisin, defined as a miyokine, is also synthesized and secreted in small amounts from the other tissues including liver or adipose tissue [37].”
Kazeminasab, F., Marandi, S. M., Baharlooie, M., Safaeinejad, Z., Nasr‐Esfahani, M. H., & Ghaedi, K. (2021) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-021-00825-w · Cited by 5
Oleinikov, D. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.80870 · Cited by 5
Zhao, Y. C., Li, H., Donelan, W., Li, S., & Tang, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.852015 · Cited by 4
Serum irisin level is higher in peritoneal dialysis than in hemodialysis
Song, X., Zhou, S., Zhang, J., Zhou, T., Wang, S.-Y., Pang, Q., Pan, Y., & Zhang, A.-H. (2022) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-022-03440-w · Cited by 4
“Why serum irisin level is significantly higher in the peritoneal dialysis patients compared with that in the hemodialysis patients? First, previous studies have shown that adipose tissue also can secrete irisin [5, 14].”
BackgroundFactors Regulating Uncoupling Protein-3 (UCP-3) Expression in Skeletal Muscle
Willoughby, D. S. (2015) · Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Engineering · doi:10.15406/jnhfe.2015.03.00101 · Cited by 4
“between the last exercise bout and the sample collection [48,49].”
BackgroundIrisin alleviated sepsis via enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and reducing inflammation levels
Gong, Z., Ji, Y., Wu, H., Xue, L., Yu, X., Luo, X., Yan, Y., Lu, J., Wang, J., Dong, Y., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1618699 · Cited by 3
Koh, Y., Kamchonemenukool, S., Ho, P.-Y., Weerawatanakorn, M., & Pan, M. (2025) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c10351 · Cited by 3
Górska-Ciebiada, M., & Ciebiada, M. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12134283 · Cited by 3
“However, in obesity, activated white adipose tissue becomes the second main source of irisin [39].”
BackgroundMyokines Produced by Cultured Bovine Satellite Cells Harvested from 3- and 11-Month-Old Angus Steers
Shira, K. A., Murdoch, B. M., Thornton, K. J., Reichhardt, C. C., Becker, G. M., Chibisa, G. E., & Murdoch, G. K. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14050709 · Cited by 3
“CTRP15 and FNDC5 have been classified as both adipokines and myokines as they are known regulators of adipose tissue and muscle [26,70,71].”
BackgroundQi, C., Wang, J., Li, K., Luan, J.-Q., Li, J., & Wang, Y.-T. (2024) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2024.119929 · Cited by 3
Ferara, N., Balta, V., Đikić, D., Odeh, D., Ćuić, A. M., Turković, L. F., Dilber, D., Beletić, A. D., Jurčević, I. L., & Šola, I. (2025) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods14020327 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Roca-Rivada, A., Castelao, C., Senin, L. L., Landrove, M. O., Baltar, J., Crujeiras, A. B., Seoane, L. M., Casanueva, F. F., & Pardo, M.
- Affiliations
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Pardo, María
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-04-11
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e60563
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3623960
- OpenAlex
- W2008675205
- Cited by
- 612
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 19
- FWCI
- 40.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- RUNA. Repositorio Institucional del Sergas (Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB06/03, FISP10/00537)
- Servicio Gallego de Salud
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- FNDC5, irisin, adipokines, myokines, white adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, endurance training, fasting, obesity, thermogenesis, secretome
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Fibronectins, Humans, Male, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Immunoblotting, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Muscle, Skeletal, 3T3-L1 Cells, Mice, Rats, Adipose Tissue, White, Adipokines, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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