Dissociable Executive Functions in the Dynamic Control of Behavior: Inhibition, Error Detection, and Correction
Abstract
The present study employed event-related fMRI and EEG to investigate the biological basis of the cognitive control of behavior. Using a GO/NOGO task optimized to produce response inhibitions, frequent commission errors, and the opportunity for subsequent behavioral correction, we identified distinct cortical areas associated with each of these specific executive processes. Two cortical systems, one involving right prefrontal and parietal areas and the second regions of the cingulate, underlay inhibitory control. The involvement of these two systems was predicated upon the difficulty or urgency of the inhibition and each was employed to different extents by high- and low-absent-minded subjects. Errors were associated with medial activation incorporating the anterior cingulate and pre-SMA while behavioral alteration subsequent to errors was associated with both the anterior cingulate and the left prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, the EEG data demonstrated that successful response inhibition depended upon the timely activation of cortical areas as predicted by race models of response selection. The results highlight how higher cognitive functions responsible for behavioral control can result from the dynamic interplay of distinct cortical systems.
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The left inferior frontal gyrus may maintain cognitive sets.
“The left inferior frontal gyrus may maintain the cognitive sets,38-41”
From Cognitive inflexibility and frontal–cortical activation in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [40]
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Braet, W., Johnson, K. A., Tobin, C. T., Acheson, R., Bellgrove, M. A., Robertson, I. H., & Garavan, H. (2009) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.07.018 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationLangenecker, S. A., Jenkins, L. M., Stange, J. P., Chang, Y.-S., DelDonno, S. R., Bessette, K. L., Passarotti, A. M., Bhaumik, R., Ajilore, O., & Jacobs, R. H. (2018) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.10.004 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“The Parametric Go/No-Go Test elicited robust activation within networks known to be important for both error detection and Cognitive Control (Garavan et al., 2002; Supekar et al., 2009).”
Semrud-Clikeman, M., Pliszka, S. R., Bledsoe, J., & Lancaster, J. (2014) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054712443158 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
When response inhibition is followed by response reengagement: an event-related fMRI study
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Menstrual cycle phase modulates cognitive control over male but not female stimuli
Roberts, G. M. P., Newell, F., Simões-Franklin, C., & Garavan, H. (2008) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.05.061 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationDistinct Frontal Networks Are Involved in Adapting to Internally and Externally Signaled Errors
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Neural circuits associated with positive and negative self-appraisal
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- Authors
- Garavan, H.
- Affiliations
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Garavan, H
- ORCID
- Garavan, H
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1820-1829
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2136256861
- Semantic Scholar
- e306428a56e54b536b0e6f9d82d7020d495d91bf
- Cited by
- 988
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 17.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA009465, DA 09465, DA-14100-01, R01DA014100)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR00058, M01RR000058)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
- Keywords
- executive function, response inhibition, error detection, error correction, cognitive control, go/no-go task, anterior cingulate cortex, pre-supplementary motor area, prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, commission errors, absent-mindedness
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Dominance, Cerebral, Electroencephalography, Female, Frontal Lobe, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Net, Neural Inhibition, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychomotor Performance, Putamen, Reaction Time, Serial Learning, Thalamus, Echo-Planar Imaging, Imaging, Three-Dimensional
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