MicroRNA miR-324-3p induces promoter-mediated expression of RelA gene
Open accessAbstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to repress translation by binding to the 3'UTRs of mRNAs. Using bioinformatics, we recently reported that several miRNAs also have target sites in DNA particularly in the promoters of the protein-coding genes. To understand the functional significance of this phenomenon, we tested the effects of miR-324-3p binding to RelA promoter. In PC12 cells, co-transfection with premiR-324-3p induced a RelA promoter plasmid in a dose-dependent manner and this effect was lost when the miR-324-3p binding site in the promoter was mutated. PremiR-324-3p transfection also significantly induced the endogenous RelA mRNA and protein expression in PC12 cells. Furthermore, transfection with premiR-324-3p increased the levels of cleaved caspase-3 which is a marker of apoptosis. Importantly, the miR-324-3p effects were Ago2 mediated as Ago2 knockdown prevented RelA expression and cleavage of caspase-3. Thus, our studies show that miRNA-mediated transcriptional activation can be seen in PC12 cells which are neural in origin.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
miRNA interaction with promoter region has been reported to induce transcription.
“while miRNA interaction with promoter region has been reported to induce transcription (45).”
From Overview of MicroRNA Biogenesis, Mechanisms of Actions, and Circulation (2018) · cites this paper as [45]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Non-coding RNAs in human disease
Esteller, M. (2011) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3074 · Cited by 4,825 · see citing works
Small dsRNAs induce transcriptional activation in human cells
Li, L., Okino, S. T., Zhao, H., Pookot, D., Place, R. F., Urakami, S., Enokida, H., & Dahiya, R. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0607015103 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
The Long and Short of MicroRNA
Yates, L. A., Norbury, C. J., & Gilbert, R. J. C. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.003 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
NF-κB is activated and promotes cell death in focal cerebral ischemia
Schneider, A., Martín-Villalba, A., Weih, F., Vogel, J., Wirth, T., & Schwaninger, M. (1999) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/8432 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Activating gene expression in mammalian cells with promoter-targeted duplex RNAs
Janowski, B. A., Younger, S. T., Hardy, D. B., Ram, R. R., Huffman, K. E., & Corey, D. R. (2007) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio860 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Transient Focal Ischemia Induces Extensive Temporal Changes in Rat Cerebral MicroRNAome
Dharap, A. A., Bowen, K. K., Place, R. F., Li, L., & Vemuganti, R. (2009) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2008.157 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Self-citationNF-κB signaling in cerebral ischemia
Ridder, D. A., & Schwaninger, M. (2008) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.007 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Antisense transcripts are targets for activating small RNAs
Schwartz, J. C., Younger, S. T., Nguyen, N.-B., Hardy, D. B., Monia, B. P., Corey, D. R., & Janowski, B. A. (2008) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb.1444 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Polycomb Protein Ezh1 Promotes RNA Polymerase II Elongation
Mousavi, K., Zare, H., Wang, A. H., & Sartorelli, V. (2011) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2011.11.019 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
RNAa Is Conserved in Mammalian Cells
Huang, V., Qin, Y., Wang, J., Wang, X., Place, R. F., Lin, G., Lue, T. F., & Li, L.-C. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008848 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Truesdell, S. S., Mortensen, R. D., Seo, M., Schroeder, J. C., Lee, J. H., LeTonqueze, O., & Vasudevan, S. (2012) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep00842 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Pizzi, M., Goffi, F., Boroni, F., Benarese, M., Perkins, S. E., Liou, H., & Spano, P. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m201014200 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Inta, I. M., Paxian, S. A., Maegele, I., Zhang, W., Pizzi, M., Spano, P., Sarnico, I., Muhammad, S., Herrmann, O., Inta, D., et al. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3670-06.2006 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Wang, J., Place, R. F., Huang, V., Wang, X., Noonan, E. J., Magyar, C. E., Huang, J., & Li, L.-C. (2010) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2414 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Turunen, M. P., Lehtola, T., Heinonen, S. E., Assefa, G. S., Korpisalo, P., Girnary, R., Glass, C. K., Vaïsänen, S., & Ylä‐Herttuala, S. (2009) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.109.200774 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Eukaryotic Argonautes come into focus
Kuhn, C., & Joshua‐Tor, L. (2013) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2013.02.008 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Pandi, G., Nakka, V. P., Dharap, A. A., Roopra, A., & Vemuganti, R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058039 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationExacerbated brain damage, edema and inflammation in type-2 diabetic mice subjected to focal ischemia
Türeyen, K., Bowen, K. K., Jin, L., Dempsey, R. J., & Vemuganti, R. (2010) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07127.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationMatsui, M., Sakurai, F., Elbashir, S. M., et al. (2010) · Chemistry & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.10.009 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Ezh1 and Ezh2 differentially regulate PSD-95 gene transcription in developing hippocampal neurons
Henríquez, B., Bustos, F. J., Aguilar, R., Becerra, Á., Simón, F., Montecino, M. A., & van Zundert, B. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2013.07.012 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
NF-κB signalling in cerebral ischaemia
Schwaninger, M., Inta, I. M., & Herrmann, O. (2006) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0341291 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Promoter-associated RNAs and promoter-targeted RNAs
Yan, B.-X., & Ma, J.-X. (2012) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-012-0953-1 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Matsui, M., Prakash, T. P., & Corey, D. R. (2012) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/cb300490j · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Puzzle of RNAs that Target Gene Promoters
Younger, S. T., & Corey, D. R. (2009) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.200900015 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tonquèze, O. L., Lee, J., & Vasudevan, S. (2012) · RNA Biology · doi:10.4161/rna.20806 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [9]Janowski BA, Younger ST, Hardy DB, Ram R, Huffman KE, et al (2007) Activating gene expression in mammalian cells with promoter-targeted duplex RNAs. Nat Chem Biol 3: 166– 173. 17259978
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Overview of MicroRNA Biogenesis, Mechanisms of Actions, and Circulation
O'Brien, J., Hayder, H., Zayed, Y., & Peng, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00402 · Cited by 5,287 · see citing works
Role of circular RNAs in brain development and CNS diseases
Mehta, S. L., Dempsey, R. J., & Vemuganti, R. (2020) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101746 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Dharap, A., Pokrzywa, C., Murali, S., Pandi, G., & Vemuganti, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin System (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Vemuganti, Raghu
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-11-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e79467
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3827167
- OpenAlex
- W2085865585
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS061071, R03NS067274, NS067274, NS074444, R21NS061071, R21NS074444)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Keywords
- miR-324-3p, microRNA, RelA, NF-κB p65, promoter binding, transcriptional activation, Argonaute 2, caspase-3, apoptosis, PC12 cells, neural cells, microRNA binding sites
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, Membrane Proteins, Promoter Regions, Genetic, RNA, Messenger, Transcriptional Activation, Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2, PC12 Cells, MicroRNAs, Rats, Transcription Factor RelA, Argonaute Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
