Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clinical Staphylococcus aureus from Healthcare Institutions in Ghana
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The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and clonal diversity of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ghana. A total of 308 S. aureus isolates from six healthcare institutions located across Northern, Central and Southern Ghana were characterized by antibiotyping, spa typing and PCR detection of Panton Valentine leukocin (PVL) genes. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were confirmed by PCR detection of mecA gene and further characterized by SCCmec and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was below 5% for all agents tested except for penicillin (97%), tetracycline (42%) and erythromycin (6%). Ninety-one spa types were found, with t355 (ST152, 19%), t084 (ST15, 12%) and t314 (ST121, 6%) being the most frequent types. Based on established associations between spa and MLST types, isolates were assigned to 16 clonal complexes (CCs): CC152 (n = 78), CC15 (n = 57), CC121 (n = 39), CC8 (n = 36), CC5 (n = 33), CC1 (n = 29), CC45 (n = 9), CC88 (n = 8), CC30 (n = 4), CC9 (n = 3), CC25 (n = 2), CC97 (n = 2) CC20 (n = 2), CC707 (n = 2), CC7 (n = 3) and CC522 (n = 1). Most isolates (60%) were PVL-positive, especially those belonging to ST152, ST121, ST5, ST15, ST1, ST8, and ST88. Nine (3%) isolates were MRSA belonging to seven distinct clones: ST88-IV (n = 2), ST250-I (n = 2), ST8-IV (n = 1), ST72-V (n = 1), ST789-IV (n = 1), ST2021-V (n = 1), and ST239-III (n = 1). The study confirmed a high frequency of PVL-positive S. aureus in Africa, low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and high diversity of MRSA lineages in Ghana compared to developed countries and other African countries. The detection of known pandemic MRSA clones in the absence of routine MRSA identification in most Ghanaian clinical microbiology laboratories calls for capacity building to strengthen surveillance and prevent spread of these clones.
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Community and healthcare-associated MRSA has been reported in most countries including Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, Mozambique, Ethiopia, and Tanzania, with MRSA prevalence ranging from 1.25% to 53.4%.
“Nevertheless, community and healthcare-associated MRSA has been reported in most countries, including Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, Mozambique, Ethiopia, and Tanzania, where the MRSA prevalence ranges from 1.25% to 53.4%.[157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164]”
From Antimicrobial Resistance Rates and Surveillance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Where Are We Now? (2022) · cites this paper as [159]
The Discussion reports MRSA in Ghanaian clinical isolates at 3% prevalence, within the cited range, and mentions MRSA reports from other African countries. This paper does not establish the stated 1.25%–53.4% range or distinguish community-associated from healthcare-associated cases in its Ghanaian sample. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Egyir, B., Guardabassi, L., Sørum, M., Nielsen, S. S., Kolekang, A., Frimpong, E., Addo, K. K., Newman, M. J., & Larsen, A. R.
- Affiliations
- Statens Serum Institut (DK)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (GH)
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (GH)
- University of Ghana (GH)
- Corresponding author
- Egyir, Beverly
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-02-25
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e89716
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3934920
- OpenAlex
- W2071056263
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 9.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Danish International Development Agency
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Keywords
- Staphylococcus aureus, antimicrobial resistance, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, spa typing, clonal complexes, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, SCCmec typing, multilocus sequence typing, mecA gene, penicillin resistance, tetracycline resistance, erythromycin resistance, nosocomial infections, Ghana
- MeSH terms
- Ghana, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Prospective Studies, Staphylococcal Skin Infections, Staphylococcus aureus, Molecular Epidemiology, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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