The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mapping the Global Distribution of Livestock
Open accessAbstract
Livestock contributes directly to the livelihoods and food security of almost a billion people and affects the diet and health of many more. With estimated standing populations of 1.43 billion cattle, 1.87 billion sheep and goats, 0.98 billion pigs, and 19.60 billion chickens, reliable and accessible information on the distribution and abundance of livestock is needed for a many reasons. These include analyses of the social and economic aspects of the livestock sector; the environmental impacts of livestock such as the production and management of waste, greenhouse gas emissions and livestock-related land-use change; and large-scale public health and epidemiological investigations. The Gridded Livestock of the World (GLW) database, produced in 2007, provided modelled livestock densities of the world, adjusted to match official (FAOSTAT) national estimates for the reference year 2005, at a spatial resolution of 3 minutes of arc (about 5×5 km at the equator). Recent methodological improvements have significantly enhanced these distributions: more up-to date and detailed sub-national livestock statistics have been collected; a new, higher resolution set of predictor variables is used; and the analytical procedure has been revised and extended to include a more systematic assessment of model accuracy and the representation of uncertainties associated with the predictions. This paper describes the current approach in detail and presents new global distribution maps at 1 km resolution for cattle, pigs and chickens, and a partial distribution map for ducks. These digital layers are made publically available via the Livestock Geo-Wiki (http://www.livestock.geo-wiki.org), as will be the maps of other livestock types as they are produced.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, the fox use of prey in this food category could also be related in part to the higher densities (>250 head km -2 ) of large domestic mammals (livestock) away from the equator (Robinson et al. 2014).”
From Variation in red fox Vulpes vulpes diet in five continents (2022) · cites this paper as Robinson et al. 2014
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth
Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., et al. (2001) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:teotwa]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 8,488
Research works printed but not linked: 53
- de Haan C, Gerber P, Opio C (2010) Structural Change in the Livestock Sector. In: Steinfeld H, Mooney HA, Schneider F and Neville LE, editors. Livestock in a Changing Landscape. Drivers, Consequences, and Responses. Volume 1. Washington D.C., USA: Island Press. pp. 35–51.
- Robinson TP, Thornton PK, Franceschini G, Kruska RL, Chiozza F, <etal>et al</etal>.. (2011) Global livestock production systems. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). pp. 152.
- Robinson TP, Pozzi F (2011) Mapping supply and demand for animal-source foods to 2030. Animal Production and Health Working Paper No. 2. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations. pp. 164.
- Narrod C, Tiongco M, Delgado C (2010) Socioeconomic Implications of the Livestock Industrialization Process. In: Steinfeld H, Mooney HA, Schneider F and Neville LE, editors. Livestock in a Changing Landscape. Drivers, Consequences, and Responses. Volume 1. Washington D.C., USA: Island Press. pp. 269–285.
- World Bank (2005) Managing the livestock revolution. Report no. 32725-GLB. Washington D.C. USA: World Bank. pp. 63.
- Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, <etal>et al</etal>.. (2007) Climate Change 2007: The physical science basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M and Miller HL, editors. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press pp. 996.
- Steinfeld H, Mooney HA, Schneider F, Neville LE (2010) Livestock in a Changing Landscape. Drivers, Consequences, and Responses. Volume 1. Washington D.C., USA: Island Press. pp. 396.
- Bonfoh B, Schwabenbauer K, Wallinga D, Hartung J, Schelling E, <etal>et al</etal>.. (2010) Human Health Hazards Associated with Livestock Production. In: Steinfeld H, Mooney HA, Schneider F and Neville LE, editors. Livestock in a Changing Landscape. Drivers, Consequences, and Responses. Volume 1. Washington D.C., USA: Island Press. pp. 197–221.
- M Herrero, 2010, Smart Investments in Sustainable Food Production: Revisiting Mixed Crop-Livestock Systems, Science, 327, 822, 10.1126/science.1183725 · DOI · Paper page
- T Ito, 1998, Molecular basis for the generation in pigs of influenza A viruses with pandemic potential, J Virol, 7367, 10.1128/JVI.72.9.7367-7373.1998 · DOI · Paper page
- W Ma, 2009, The pig as a mixing vessel for influenza viruses: Human and veterinary implications, J Mol Genet Med, 158
- K Neumann, 2009, Modelling the spatial distribution of livestock in Europe, Landsc Ecol, 24, 1207, 10.1007/s10980-009-9357-5 · DOI
- DJ Prosser, 2011, Modelling the distribution of chickens, ducks, and geese in China, Agric Ecosyst Environ, 141, 381, 10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.002 · DOI
- TP Van Boeckel, 2011, Modelling the distribution of domestic ducks in Monsoon Asia, Agric Ecosyst Environ, 141, 373, 10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.013 · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.013
- A Letourneau, 2012, A land-use systems approach to represent land-use dynamics at continental and global scales, Environ Model Softw, 33, 61, 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.01.007 · DOI
- R Naidoo, 2008, Global mapping of ecosystem services and conservation priorities, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105, 9495, 10.1073/pnas.0707823105 · DOI · Paper page
- M Herrero, 2008, Systems dynamics and the spatial distribution of methane emissions from African domestic ruminants to 2030, Agric Ecosyst Environ, 126, 122, 10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.017 · DOI
- PK Thornton, 2009, The impacts of climate change on livestock and livestock systems in developing countries: A review of what we know and what we need to know, Agric Syst, 101, 113, 10.1016/j.agsy.2009.05.002 · DOI · Paper page
- G Cecchi, 2010, Geographic distribution and environmental characterization of livestock production systems in Eastern Africa, Agric Ecosyst Environ, 135, 98, 10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.011 · DOI
- Cecchi G, Mattioli R (2009) Geospatial datasets and analyses for an environmental approach to African trypanosomiasis. PAAT (Programme Against African Trypanosomiasis). Technical and Scientific Series. No. 9. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. pp. 80.
- G Cecchi, 2008, Land cover and tsetse fly distributions in sub-Saharan Africa, Med Vet Entomol, 22, 364, 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00747.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00747.x
- M Gilbert, 2008, Mapping H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza risk in Southeast Asia, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105, 4769, 10.1073/pnas.0710581105 · doi:10.1073/pnas.0710581105
- SB Muzaffar, 2010, Rice Production Systems and Avian Influenza: Interactions between Mixed-Farming Systems, Poultry and Wild Birds, Waterbirds, 33, 219, 10.1675/063.033.s116 · doi:10.1675/063.033.s116
- K Sumption, 2008, Incidence and Distribution of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Asia, Africa and South America; Combining Expert Opinion, Official Disease Information and Livestock Populations to Assist Risk Assessment, Transbound Emerg Dis, 55, 5, 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2007.01017.x · doi:10.1111/j.1865-1682.2007.01017.x
- Mangen MJ, Otte J, Pfeiffer D, Chilonda P (2002) Bovine brucellosis in sub-Saharan Africa: estimation of sero-prevalence and impact on meat and milk offtake potential. Livestock Policy Discussion Paper No. 8 Rome: Food and Agriculture of the United Nations - Livestock Information and Policy Branch, AGAL. pp. 58.
- G Hendrickx, 2001, Spatial trypanosomosis management: from data-layers to decision making, Trends Parasitol, 17, 35, 10.1016/S1471-4922(00)01852-3 · doi:10.1016/s1471-4922(00)01852-3
- A Shaw, 2014, Mapping the economic benefits to livestock keepers from intervening against bovine trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa, Prev Vet Med, 113, 197, 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.10.024 · DOI · Paper page
- G Franceschini, 2009, The Global Livestock Impact Mapping System (GLIMS) as a tool for animal health applications, Vet Ital, 491
- AE Gaughan, 2013, High Resolution Population Distribution Maps for Southeast Asia in 2010 and 2015, PLoS ONE, 8, e55882, 10.1371/journal.pone.0055882 · DOI · Paper page
- C Linard, 2012, Population Distribution, Settlement Patterns and Accessibility across Africa in 2010, PLoS ONE, 7, e31743, 10.1371/journal.pone.0031743 · DOI · Paper page
- Dudley N (2008) Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Gland, Switzerland. pp. 106. · DOI · Paper page
- Rogers DJ (1997) Satellite Imagery and the Prediction of Tsetse Distributions in East Africa. In Diagnosis and Control of Livestock Diseases using Nuclear and related techniques Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency. pp. 397–420.
- DJ Rogers, 2000, Satellites, space, time and the African trypanosomiases, Adv Parasitol, 47, 129, 10.1016/S0065-308X(00)47008-9 · DOI
- DJ Rogers, 1996, Predicting the distribution of tsetse flies in West Africa using temporal Fourier processed meteorological satellite data, Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 90, 225, 10.1080/00034983.1996.11813049 · DOI · Paper page
- Rogers DJ, Williams BG (1994) Tsetse distribution in Africa: seeing the wood and the trees. In: Edwards PJ, May RM, Webb NR, editors. Large-scale ecology and conservation biology. 35th symposium of the Britush Ecological Society with the Society for Conservation Biology. Chapter 11. pp. 249–273. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
- JPW Scharlemann, 2008, Global data for ecology and epidemiology: A novel algorithm for temporal fourier processing MODIS data, PLoS ONE, 3
- X Zhang, 2003, Monitoring vegetation phenology using MODIS, Remote Sens Environ, 84, 471, 10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00135-9 · DOI · Paper page
- Jones P (1987) Current availability and deficiencies in data relevant to agro-ecological studies in the geographic area covered by the IARCS. In: A.HBunting (Ed), Agricultural Environments. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 69–83.
- PG Jones, 2009, Croppers to livestock keepers: livelihood transitions to 2050 in Africa due to climate change, Environ Sci Policy, 12, 427, 10.1016/j.envsci.2008.08.006 · DOI · Paper page
- RJ Hijmans, 2005, Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas, International Journal of Climatology, 25, 1965, 10.1002/joc.1276 · DOI · Paper page
- Griguolo S, Mazzanti M (1996) ADDAPIX: pixel-by-pixel classification for zoning and monitoring. Rome: FAO Technical Report SD:GCP/INt/578/NET. Revised May 2000. Rome, Italy. pp. 76.
- Zuur A, Ieno EN, Smith GM (2007) Analysing Ecological Data. XXVI, 672 p. · DOI · Paper page
- M Gilbert, 2007, Avian influenza, domestic ducks and rice agriculture in Thailand, Agric Ecosyst Environ, 119, 409, 10.1016/j.agee.2006.09.001 · DOI
- Weimin M (2010) Distribution and characteristics of duck-fish farming systems in Eastern China. Smallholder Poultry Production. Rome: Food and Agriculture of the United Nations (FAO). pp. 28.
- MacLeod M, Gerber P, Opio C, Henderson B, Dietze K, <etal>et al</etal>.. (2013) Greenhouse gas emissions from pig and chicken supply chains – A global life cycle assessment Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. pp. 196.
- V Martin, 2011, Spatial distribution and risk factors of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in China, PLoS Pathogens, 7, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001308 · DOI
- D Butler, 2013, Mapping the H7N9 avian flu outbreaks, Nature
- P Horby, 2013, H7N9 is a virus worth worrying about, Nature
- Openshaw S (1983) The modifiable areal unit problem. Concepts and techniques in modern geography. Norwich, UK: Geo Books Vol. 38
- TP Van Boeckel, 2012, Predicting the distribution of intensive poultry farming in Thailand, Agric Ecosyst Environ, 149, 144, 10.1016/j.agee.2011.12.019 · DOI
- S Fritz, 2009, Geo-wiki.org: The use of crowdsourcing to improve global land cover, Remote Sens, 1, 345, 10.3390/rs1030345 · DOI · Paper page
- S Fritz, 2012, Geo-Wiki: An online platform for improving global land cover, Environ Model Softw, 31, 110, 10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.11.015 · DOI · Paper page
- JH Elith, 2006, Novel methods improve prediction of species' distributions from occurrence data, Ecography, 29, 129, 10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04596.x · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Global hotspots and correlates of emerging zoonotic diseases
Allen, T., Murray, K. A., Zambrana-Torrelio, C., Morse, S. S., Rondinini, C., Di Marco, M., Breit, N., Olival, K. J., & Daszak, P. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00923-8 · Cited by 1,124
Global priority areas for ecosystem restoration
Strassburg, B. B. N., Iribarrem, A., Beyer, H. L., Cordeiro, C. L., Crouzeilles, R., Jakovac, C. C., Braga Junqueira, A., Lacerda, E., Latawiec, A. E., Balmford, A., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2784-9 · Cited by 1,175
Livestock: On our plates or eating at our table? A new analysis of the feed/food debate
Mottet, A., de Haan, C., Falcucci, A., Tempio, G., Opio, C., & Gerber, P. (2017) · Global Food Security · doi:10.1016/j.gfs.2017.01.001 · Cited by 1,034
Future of the human climate niche
Xu, C., Kohler, T. A., Lenton, T. M., Svenning, J.-C., & Scheffer, M. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1910114117 · Cited by 862
De novo assembly of the cattle reference genome with single-molecule sequencing
Rosen, B. D., Bickhart, D. M., Schnabel, R. D., Koren, S., Elsik, C. G., Tseng, E., Rowan, T. N., Low, W. Y., Zimin, A., Couldrey, C., et al. (2020) · GigaScience · doi:10.1093/gigascience/giaa021 · Cited by 802
Metadata
- Authors
- Robinson, T. P., Wint, G. R. W., Conchedda, G., Van Boeckel, T. P., Ercoli, V., Palamara, E., Cinardi, G., D'Aietti, L., Hay, S. I., & Gilbert, M.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-05-29
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e96084
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981012806
- Cited by
- 890
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 102.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Mapping the Global Distribution of Livestock. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1371/journal.pone.0096084
- The paper
- Robinson, T. P., Wint, G. R. W., Conchedda, G., Van Boeckel, T. P., Ercoli, V., Palamara, E., Cinardi, G., D'Aietti, L., Hay, S. I., & Gilbert, M. (2014). Mapping the Global Distribution of Livestock. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096084
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.