The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evaluation of Finnish Diabetes Risk Score in Screening Undiagnosed Diabetes and Prediabetes among U.S. Adults by Gender and Race: NHANES 1999-2010
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) in detecting undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes among U.S. adults by gender and race. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis included participants (aged ≥20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2010. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the optimal cutoff points for identifying undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes were calculated for FINDRISC by gender and race/ethnicity. RESULTS: Among the 20,633 adults (≥20 years), 49.8% were women and 53.0% were non-Hispanic White. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes was 4.1% and 35.6%, respectively. FINDRISC was positively associated with the prevalence of diabetes (OR = 1.48 for 1 unit increase, p<0.001) and prediabetes (OR = 1.15 for 1 unit increase, p<0.001). The area under ROC for detecting undiagnosed diabetes was 0.75 for total population, 0.74 for men and 0.78 for women (p = 0.04); 0.76 for White, 0.76 for Black and 0.72 for Hispanics (p = 0.03 for White vs. Hispanics). The area under ROC for detecting prediabetes was 0.67 for total population, 0.66 for men and 0.70 for women (p<0.001); 0.68 for White, 0.67 for Black and 0.65 for Hispanics (p<0.001 for White vs. Hispanics). The optimal cutoff point was 10 (sensitivity = 0.75) for men and 12 (sensitivity = 0.72) for women for detecting undiagnosed diabetes; 9 (sensitivity = 0.61) for men and 10 (sensitivity = 0.69) for women for detecting prediabetes. CONCLUSIONS: FINDRISC is a simple and non-invasive screening tool to identify individuals at high risk for diabetes in the U.S. adults.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In addition, our previous study has indicated that FINDRISC score is a valid tool in detecting both undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes in U.S. men and women with different race/ethnicities [26].”
From A Novel Testing Model for Opportunistic Screening of Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes among U.S. Adults (2015) · cites this paper as [26]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In addition, our group recently evaluated the validity of FINDRISC in the general U.S. population and found it is a valid and reliable tool to identify undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes in both men and women with different races/ethnicities [26].”
From A Novel Testing Model for Opportunistic Screening of Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes among U.S. Adults (2015) · cites this paper as [26]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Barengo, N. C., Acosta, T., Arrieta, A., Ricaurte, C., Mayor, D., Tuomilehto, J. O., & the DEMOJUAN study group (2013) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2462 · Cited by 26
RetractedReduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011
Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
American Diabetes Association (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-s062 · Cited by 14,094
Tuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., Eriksson, J. G., Valle, T. T., Hämäläinen, H., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Louheranta, A., Rastas, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105033441801 · Cited by 10,873 · cited 1×
“Emerging evidence from both observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has clearly shown that people with high risk for type 2 diabetes or people at prediabetes stage will be benefited by early identification followed by the intensive lifestyle intervention and pharmacological treatment [5–9].”
BackgroundStandards of Medical Care in Diabetes
Power, D. V. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1593 · Cited by 8,676
Standards of medical care in diabetes—2013
American Diabetes Association (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-s011 · Cited by 4,369
Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2002
American Diabetes Association (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.3.917 · Cited by 4,147
Basevi, V., Mario, S. D., Morciano, C., Nonino, F., & Magrini, N. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-0174 · Cited by 3,058
Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development
Tabák, A. G., Herder, C., Rathmann, W., Brunner, E. J., & Kivimäki, M. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60283-9 · Cited by 2,958
Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus
American Diabetes Association (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-s067 · Cited by 2,245
Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2012
American Diabetes Association (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2625 · Cited by 2,227
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Rothwell, C. J. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_6177 · Cited by 2,093
Lindström, J., & Tuomilehto, J. O. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.3.725 · Cited by 1,937
Perkins, N. J., & Schisterman, E. F. (2006) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj063 · Cited by 1,794
Boyle, J. P., Thompson, T. J., Gregg, E. W., Barker, L. E., & Williamson, D. F. (2010) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/1478-7954-8-29 · Cited by 1,309
Screening for type 2 diabetes.
Engelgau, M. M., Narayan, K. M. V., & Herman, W. H. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.10.1563 · Cited by 1,026
HbA 1c as a screening tool for detection of Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review
Bennett, C. M., Guo, M., & Dharmage, S. C. (2007) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02106.x · Cited by 534
American Diabetes Association (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.2007.s11 · Cited by 443
Hippisley‐Cox, J., Coupland, C. A. C., Robson, J. P., Sheikh, A., & Brindle, P. M. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b880 · Cited by 373
Development and validation of a patient self-assessment score for diabetes risk
Bang, H., Edwards, A. M., Bomback, A. S., Ballantyne, C. M., Brillon, D., Callahan, M. A., Teutsch, S. M., Mushlin, A. I., & Kern, L. M. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-00005 · Cited by 333
Saaristo, T., Peltonen, M., Lindström, J., Saarikoski, L. A., Sundvall, J., Eriksson, J. G., & Tuomilehto, J. O. (2005) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.3132/dvdr.2005.011 · Cited by 329
A Danish Diabetes Risk Score for Targeted Screening
Glümer, C., Carstensen, B., Sandbæk, A., Lauritzen, T., Jørgensen, T., & Borch‐Johnsen, K. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.3.727 · Cited by 324
Predicting Diabetes: Clinical, Biological, and Genetic Approaches
Balkau, B., Lange, C., Fezeu, L., Tichet, J., de Lauzon‐Guillain, B., Czernichow, S., Fumeron, F., Froguel, P., Vaxillaire, M., Cauchi, S., et al. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-0368 · Cited by 303
Heikes, K. E., Eddy, D. M., Arondekar, B. V., & Schlessinger, L. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-1150 · Cited by 284
A Risk Score for Predicting Incident Diabetes in the Thai Population
Aekplakorn, W., Bunnag, P., Woodward, M., Sritara, P., Cheepudomwit, S., Yamwong, S., Yipintsoi, T., & Rajatanavin, R. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc05-2141 · Cited by 275
Gurka, M. J., Lilly, C. L., Oliver, M. N., & DeBoer, M. D. (2013) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.10.006 · Cited by 269
Two Risk-Scoring Systems for Predicting Incident Diabetes Mellitus in U.S. Adults Age 45 to 64 Years
Kahn, H. S., Cheng, Y. J., Thompson, T. J., Imperatore, G., & Gregg, E. W. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-11-200906020-00002 · Cited by 204
Makrilakis, K., Liatis, S., Grammatikou, S., Perrea, D., Stathi, C., Tsiligros, P., & Katsilambros, N. (2011) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2010.09.006 · Cited by 199
Performance of a predictive model to identify undiagnosed diabetes in a health care setting.
Baan, C. A., Ruige, J. B., Stolk, R. P., Witteman, J. C. M., Dekker, J. M., Heine, R. J., & Feskens, E. J. M. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.2.213 · Cited by 182
Franciosi, M., De Berardis, G., Rossi, M. C. E., Sacco, M., Belfiglio, M., Pellegrini, F., Tognoni, G., Valentini, M., Nicolucci, A., & for the IGLOO Study Group (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1187 · Cited by 161
Costa, B., Barrio, F., Cabré, J.-J., Piñol, J. L., Cos, X., Solé, C., Bolíbar, B., Basora, J., Castell, C., Solà-Morales, O., et al. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2492-6 · Cited by 143
Haffner, S. M., Stern, M. P., Hazuda, H. P., Rosenthal, M., KNAPP, J. A., & Malina, R. M. (1986) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.9.2.153 · Cited by 128
Increasing prevalence of diagnosed diabetes--United States and Puerto Rico, 1995-2010.
(2012) · PubMed · Cited by 113
Schwarz, P. E. H., Li, J., Reimann, M., Schutte, A. E., Bergmann, A., Hanefeld, M., Bornstein, S. R., Schulze, J., Tuomilehto, J. O., & Lindström, J. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2427 · Cited by 112
Bergmann, A., Li, J., Wang, L., Schulze, J., Bornstein, S., & Schwarz, P. (2007) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-985353 · Cited by 112
Performance of Screening Questionnaires and Risk Scores for Undiagnosed Diabetes
Rathmann, W. (2005) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.165.4.436 · Cited by 105
Tankova, T., Chakarova, N., Atanassova, I., & Dakovska, L. (2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2010.12.020 · Cited by 101 · cited 3×
“However, most previous studies have been conducted in European countries with the majority of participants as Caucasians [26–32] or other single racial groups [24,33–39].”
BackgroundResultSoriguer, F., Valdés, S., Tapia, M. J., Esteva, I., Ruiz de Adana, M. S., Almaraz, M. C., Morcillo, S., García Fuentes, E., Rodríguez, F., & Rojo-Martinez, G. (2012) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2011.05.025 · Cited by 87
Alssema, M., Vistisen, D., Heymans, M. W., Nijpels, G., Glümer, C., Zimmet, P., Shaw, J. E., Eliasson, M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Tabák, Á. G., et al. (2010) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1990-7 · Cited by 73
Nilsen, V., Bakke, P. S., & Gallefoss, F. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-893 · Cited by 70
Two risk score models for predicting incident Type 2 diabetes in Japan
Doi, Y., Ninomiya, T., Hata, J., Hirakawa, Y., Mukai, N., Iwase, M., & Kiyohara, Y. (2011) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03376.x · Cited by 61
Lin, J.-W., Chang, Y.-C., Li, H.-Y., Chien, Y.-F., Wu, M.-Y., Tsai, R.-Y., Hsieh, Y.-C., Chen, Y.-J., Hwang, J.-J., & Chuang, L.-M. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0694 · Cited by 60 · cited 2×
“However, most previous studies have been conducted in European countries with the majority of participants as Caucasians [26–32] or other single racial groups [24,33–39].”
BackgroundResultVermunt, P. W. A., Milder, I. E. J., Wielaard, F., de Vries, J. H. M., Baan, C. A., van Oers, H., & Westert, G. P. (2012) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03648.x · Cited by 53
Ku, G. M., & Kegels, G. (2013) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2013.07.004 · Cited by 49
Joshi, S. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 48
Hellgren, M. I., Petzold, M., Björkelund, C., Wedel, H., Jansson, P. ‐., & Lindblad, U. (2012) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03664.x · Cited by 47
Guasch‐Ferré, M., Bulló, M., Costa, B., Martínez‐González, M. Á., Ibarrola-Jurado, N., Estruch, R., Barrio, F., Salas‐Salvadó, J., & for the PREDI-PLAN Investigators (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033437 · Cited by 38
Winkler, G., Hídvégi, T., Vándorfi, G., Balogh, S., & Jermendy, G. (2013) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.883747 · Cited by 36 · cited 2×
“However, most previous studies have been conducted in European countries with the majority of participants as Caucasians [26–32] or other single racial groups [24,33–39].”
BackgroundResultCost-Effectiveness Analysis of Different Screening Procedures for Type 2 Diabetes
Icks, A., Haastert, B., Gandjour, A., John, J., Löwel, H., Holle, R., Giani, G., Rathmann, W., & on behalf of the KORA Study Group (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.9.2120 · Cited by 35
Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in a high-risk Chinese population
Wang, J., Zhang, R., Chen, R., Sun, J. M., Yang, R., Ke, X.-Y., Chen, H., & Cai, D.-H. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-633 · Cited by 34
Alebiosu, C. O., Familoni, O. B., Ogunsemi, O. O., Raimi, T., Balogun, W., Odusan, O., Oguntona, S., Olunuga, T. O., Kolawole, B., Ikem, R. T., et al. (2013) · Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.4103/2230-8210.113756 · Cited by 34
Garcia-Alcala, H., Soto Vega, E., Genestier Tamborero, C. N., Salinas Palma, J. L., & Hirales Tamez, O. (2012) · Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dmso.s35545 · Cited by 21
Hemoglobin A1C Criterion for Diabetes Diagnosis Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Populations
Getaneh, A., Andres, R., Brillon, D. J., & Findley, S. E. (2010) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep10119.or · Cited by 15
Brodovicz, K. G., Dekker, J. M., Rijkelijkhuizen, J. M., Rhodes, T., Mari, A., Alssema, M., Nijpels, G., Williams‐Herman, D., & Girman, C. J. (2011) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03315.x · Cited by 14
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bernabé‐Ortiz, A., Perel, P., Miranda, J. J., & Smeeth, L. L. (2018) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2018.07.015 · Cited by 117
Pretorius, E., Bester, J., Vermeulen, N., Alummoottil, S., Soma, P., Buys, A. V., & Kell, D. B. (2015) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-015-0192-5 · Cited by 89
Comparison of screening scores for diabetes and prediabetes
Poltavskiy, E. A., Kim, D. J., & Bang, H. (2016) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2016.06.022 · Cited by 71
Salinero-Fort, M. Á., de Burgos‐Lunar, C., Lahoz, C., Mostaza, J. M., Abánades-Herranz, J. C., Cuesta, F. L., Cabo, E. E.-D., García-Iglesias, F., González-Alegre, T., Fernández-Puntero, B., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158489 · Cited by 65
Masconi, K. L., Matsha, T. E., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Erasmus, R. T., & Kengne, A. P. (2015) · The EPMA Journal · doi:10.1186/s13167-015-0028-0 · Cited by 57
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Hu, G., & Chen, L.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Clemson University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Liwei
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-05-22
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e97865
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4031122
- OpenAlex
- W1966075779
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 9.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Clemson University
- Louisiana State University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- FINDRISC, undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, diabetes screening, risk prediction model, sex differences, racial and ethnic differences, sensitivity and specificity, cut-off values, NHANES, United States adults, Black and Hispanic populations, non-Hispanic whites, diabetes prevalence, diabetes risk stratification
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Prediabetic State, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, United States, Population Groups, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
