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Development of Korean Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale for Youth
Open accessAbstract
This study developed a Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (SAPS) based on the existing internet and cellular phone addiction scales. For the development of this scale, 29 items (1.5 times the final number of items) were initially selected as preliminary items, based on the previous studies on internet/phone addiction as well as the clinical experience of involved experts. The preliminary scale was administered to a nationally representative sample of 795 students in elementary, middle, and high schools across South Korea. Then, final 15 items were selected according to the reliability test results. The final scale consisted of four subdomains: (1) disturbance of adaptive functions, (2) virtual life orientation, (3) withdrawal, and (4) tolerance. The final scale indicated a high reliability with Cronbach's α of .880. Support for the scale's criterion validity has been demonstrated by its relationship to the internet addiction scale, KS-II (r = .49). For the analysis of construct validity, we tested the Structural Equation Model. The results showed the four-factor structure to be valid (NFI = .943, TLI = .902, CFI = .902, RMSEA = .034). Smartphone addiction is gaining a greater spotlight as possibly a new form of addiction along with internet addiction. The SAPS appears to be a reliable and valid diagnostic scale for screening adolescents who may be at risk of smartphone addiction. Further implications and limitations are discussed.
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“PSU shares many traits with substance abuse disorders and behavioural addictions [13–18], and it appears to be common.”
From Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: a systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, D., Lee, Y., Lee, J., Nam, J. K., & Chung, Y.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Yunhee
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-05-21
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e97920
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4029762
- OpenAlex
- W2084863892
- Cited by
- 434
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 67.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Keywords
- smartphone addiction, scale development, adolescents, internet addiction, addiction screening, withdrawal, tolerance, construct validity, criterion validity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Behavior, Addictive, Internet, Cell Phone, Republic of Korea
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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