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Disclosure of Genetic Information and Change in Dietary Intake: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Proponents of consumer genetic tests claim that the information can positively impact health behaviors and aid in chronic disease prevention. However, the effects of disclosing genetic information on dietary intake behavior are not clear. METHODS: A double-blinded, parallel group, 2:1 online randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the short- and long-term effects of disclosing nutrition-related genetic information for personalized nutrition on dietary intakes of caffeine, vitamin C, added sugars, and sodium. Participants were healthy men and women aged 20-35 years (n = 138). The intervention group (n = 92) received personalized DNA-based dietary advice for 12-months and the control group (n = 46) received general dietary recommendations with no genetic information for 12-months. Food frequency questionnaires were collected at baseline and 3- and 12-months after the intervention to assess dietary intakes. General linear models were used to compare changes in intakes between those receiving general dietary advice and those receiving DNA-based dietary advice. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, no significant changes to dietary intakes of the nutrients were observed at 3-months. At 12-months, participants in the intervention group who possessed a risk version of the ACE gene, and were advised to limit their sodium intake, significantly reduced their sodium intake (mg/day) compared to the control group (-287.3 ± 114.1 vs. 129.8 ± 118.2, p = 0.008). Those who had the non-risk version of ACE did not significantly change their sodium intake compared to the control group (12-months: -244.2 ± 150.2, p = 0.11). Among those with the risk version of the ACE gene, the proportion who met the targeted recommendation of 1500 mg/day increased from 19% at baseline to 34% after 12 months (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that disclosing genetic information for personalized nutrition results in greater changes in intake for some dietary components compared to general population-based dietary advice. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01353014.
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“Some studies identify variants related to lipid, caffeine, and sodium metabolism [145,146].”
From The Seven Methods for the Evaluation of Nutritional Status—ABCDEFG: Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [145]
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“Previous PN interventions have achieved improvements in sodium intake in individuals at higher genotypic-based risk (20), however, the Food4Me PoP study was the first to examine the effect of including genotype-based PN on overall patterns of healthy eating.”
From Effect of an Internet-based, personalized nutrition randomized trial on dietary changes associated with the Mediterranean diet: the Food4Me Study (2016) · cites this paper as [20]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nielsen, D. E., & El-Sohemy, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- ORCID
- Nielsen, Daiva E.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-11-14
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e112665
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4232422
- OpenAlex
- W1989879035
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 7.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Advanced Foods and Materials Network
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (89829_1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- genetic information disclosure, consumer genetic testing, personalized nutrition, ACE gene, sodium intake, caffeine consumption, vitamin C intake, added sugars, chronic disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Diet, Female, Genetic Testing, Humans, Male, Linear Models, Disclosure, Nutrigenomics, Precision Medicine
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