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Coffee, CYP1A2 genotype, and risk of myocardial infarction

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Cornelis, Marilyn C., El-Sohemy, Ahmed, Kabagambe, Edmond K., Campos, Hannia·2006·JAMA
DOI 10.1001/jama.295.10.1135
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Abstract

CONTEXT: The association between coffee intake and risk of myocardial infarction (MI) remains controversial. Coffee is a major source of caffeine, which is metabolized by the polymorphic cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme. Individuals who are homozygous for the CYP1A2*1A allele are "rapid" caffeine metabolizers, whereas carriers of the variant CYP1A2*1F are "slow" caffeine metabolizers. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether CYP1A2 genotype modifies the association between coffee consumption and risk of acute nonfatal MI. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cases (n = 2014) with a first acute nonfatal MI and population-based controls (n = 2014) living in Costa Rica between 1994 and 2004, matched for age, sex, and area of residence, were genotyped by restriction fragment-length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the intake of caffeinated coffee. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Relative risk of nonfatal MI associated with coffee intake, calculated using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Fifty-five percent of cases (n = 1114) and 54% of controls (n = 1082) were carriers of the slow *1F allele. For carriers of the slow *1F allele, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of nonfatal MI associated with consuming less than 1, 1, 2 to 3, and 4 or more cups of coffee per day were 1.00 (reference), 0.99 (0.69-1.44), 1.36 (1.01-1.83), and 1.64 (1.14-2.34), respectively. Corresponding ORs (95% CIs) for individuals with the rapid *1A/*1A genotype were 1.00, 0.75 (0.51-1.12), 0.78 (0.56-1.09), and 0.99 (0.66-1.48) (P = .04 for gene x coffee interaction). For individuals younger than the median age of 59 years, the ORs (95% CIs) associated with consuming less than 1, 1, 2 to 3, or 4 or more cups of coffee per day were 1.00, 1.24 (0.71-2.18), 1.67 (1.08-2.60), and 2.33 (1.39-3.89), respectively, among carriers of the *1F allele. The corresponding ORs (95% CIs) for those with the *1A/*1A genotype were 1.00, 0.48 (0.26-0.87), 0.57 (0.35-0.95), and 0.83 (0.46-1.51). CONCLUSION: Intake of coffee was associated with an increased risk of nonfatal MI only among individuals with slow caffeine metabolism, suggesting that caffeine plays a role in this association.

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  • The Panel notes that although the case-control study suggests polymorphisms of CYP1A2 may affect risk of MI in relation to caffeine consumption, which may be further affected by HTR2A polymorphisms, the results have not yet been replicated and the hypothesis has not been tested in prospective cohort studies.

    “The Panel notes that, although this case-control study suggests that polymorphisms of the CYP1A2 gene may affect the risk of MI in relation to caffeine consumption, which may be further affected by polymorphisms of the serotonin receptor gene HTR2A, the results have not yet been replicated and the hypothesis has not been tested in prospective cohort studies.”

    From Scientific Opinion on the safety of caffeine (2015) · cites this paper as Cornelis et al., 2006

  • In a case-control study (Cornelis et al., 2006), among carriers of the slow *1F allele of CYP1A2, multivariate-adjusted ORs for non-fatal MI associated with consumption of less than one, one, two to three and four or more cups of coffee per day were 1.00, 0.99, 1.36, and 1.64, respectively; corresponding ORs for the rapid *1A/*1A genotype were 1.00, 0.75, 0.78, and 0.99 (p=0.04 for gene by coffee

    “In total, 55 % of cases (n = 1 114) and 54 % of controls (n = 1 082) were carriers of the slow *1F allele, for which the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % CIs for non-fatal MI associated with the consumption of less than one, one, two to three and four or more cups of coffee per day were 1.00 (reference), 0.99 (0.69-1.44), 1.36 (1.01-1.83)and 1.64 (1.14-2.34),respectively.Cor”

    From Scientific Opinion on the safety of caffeine (2015) · cites this paper as Cornelis et al., 2006

  • A study by Cornelis et al. showed that CYP1A2 genotype was an effect modifier between coffee consumption and risk of myocardial infarction: coffee consumption was related to higher risk of myocardial infarction for slow caffeine metabolizers and was not related for fast caffeine metabolizers.

    “A study by Cornelis MC et al.47 showed that CYP1A2 genotype was an effect modifier between coffee consumption and risk of myocardial infarction: coffee consumption was related to higher risk of myocardial infarction for the slow caffeine metabolizer, and was not related to myocardial infarction for the fast caffeine metabolizer.”

    From Long-Term Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and a Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies (2014) · cites this paper as [47]

  • The Cornelis et al. analysis was based on a case-control study conducted in Costa Rica, and the results have not been replicated in prospective cohort studies.

    “However, this analysis was based on a case-control study conducted in Costa Rico and the results have not been replicated in prospective cohort studies yet.”

    From Long-Term Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and a Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies (2014) · cites this paper as [47]

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Authors
Cornelis, M. C., El-Sohemy, A., Kabagambe, E. K., & Campos, H.
Affiliations
  • University of Toronto (CA)
  • Harvard University (US)
ORCID
Venue
JAMA
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2006-03-08
Volume
295
Issue
10
Pages
1135
ISSN
  • 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
  • 0098-7484
DOI
10.1001/jama.295.10.1135
OpenAlex
W1972508135
Cited by
490
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 24
FWCI
16.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • JAMA (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Investigative News in Education (Universidad de Costa Rica) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Harvard University
  • Universidad de Costa Rica
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 60692, HL 071888, R01HL071888, R01HL060692)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Keywords
coffee consumption, myocardial infarction, caffeine metabolism, gene-environment interaction, cardiovascular risk, Costa Rica, young adults, hormone replacement therapy
MeSH terms
Aged, Catchment Area, Health, Coffee, Costa Rica, Female, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Risk Factors, Logistic Models, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2, Amino Acid Substitution

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