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Deep Phylogenetic Analysis of Haplogroup G1 Provides Estimates of SNP and STR Mutation Rates on the Human Y-Chromosome and Reveals Migrations of Iranic Speakers

Balanovsky, Oleg, Zhabagin, Maxat, Agdzhoyan, Anastasiya, Chukhryaeva, Marina, Zaporozhchenko, Valery, Utevska, Olga, Highnam, Gareth, Sabitov, Zhaxylyk, Greenspan, Elliott, Dibirova, Khadizhat, Skhalyakho, Roza, Kuznetsova, Marina, Koshel, Sergey, Yusupov, Yuldash, Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn, Zhumadilov, Zhaxybay, Pocheshkhova, Elvira, Haber, Marc, A. Zalloua, Pierre, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Dybo, Anna, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Balanovska, Elena·2015·PLOS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0122968PMC PMC4388827
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Fig 1 Ancient migrations of Iranic-speaking populations. A) Area populated by Iranic speakers in the middle of the first millennium BC. States whose languages belonged to the Iranic and Armenian linguistic groups are shown in red (modified from [39]). B) Homeland and migration of Iranic speakers according to the major competing theories (modified from [34]).
Fig 1 Ancient migrations of Iranic-speaking populations. A) Area populated by Iranic speakers in the middle of the first millennium BC. States whose languages belonged to the Iranic and Armenian linguistic groups are shown in red (modified from [39]). B) Homeland and migration of Iranic speakers according to the major competing theories (modified from [34]).CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig 2 Frequency distribution map of haplogroup G1. The black points represent the populations analyzed. Abbreviations in the statistical legend indicate the following: K, number of the populations studied; MIN and MAX, the minimal and maximum frequencies on the map.
Fig 2 Frequency distribution map of haplogroup G1. The black points represent the populations analyzed. Abbreviations in the statistical legend indicate the following: K, number of the populations studied; MIN and MAX, the minimal and maximum frequencies on the map.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig 3 Network of Y-STR haplotypes within haplogroup G1. Arrows mark samples chosen for Y-chromosomal sequencing.
Fig 3 Network of Y-STR haplotypes within haplogroup G1. Arrows mark samples chosen for Y-chromosomal sequencing.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig 4 Map of haplotype diversity of haplogroup G1. The black points represent the populations for which diversity values were calculated. Abbreviations in the statistical legend indicate the following: MIN and MAX, the minimal and maximum values on the map.
Fig 4 Map of haplotype diversity of haplogroup G1. The black points represent the populations for which diversity values were calculated. Abbreviations in the statistical legend indicate the following: MIN and MAX, the minimal and maximum values on the map.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig 5 Y-chromosome haplogroup G1 phylogeny. The tree combines the high-coverage dataset reported in this study with data from 1000 Genomes Project. Dotted lines indicate the approximate phylogenetic position of two previously reported G1 branches which were absent among our samples.
Fig 5 Y-chromosome haplogroup G1 phylogeny. The tree combines the high-coverage dataset reported in this study with data from 1000 Genomes Project. Dotted lines indicate the approximate phylogenetic position of two previously reported G1 branches which were absent among our samples.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig 6 Genetic and genealogical reconstructions of the relationship between members of the Argyn tribe of the Kazakh: A) Genetic tree reconstructed from Y-chromosome sequences of the Kazakh samples. B) Genealogical tree of the Argyn tribe of the Kazakh. Each sequenced Kazakh sample is attributed to the clan it originates from. The genealogical ancestor with the known historical date is marked in grey.
Fig 6 Genetic and genealogical reconstructions of the relationship between members of the Argyn tribe of the Kazakh: A) Genetic tree reconstructed from Y-chromosome sequences of the Kazakh samples. B) Genealogical tree of the Argyn tribe of the Kazakh. Each sequenced Kazakh sample is attributed to the clan it originates from. The genealogical ancestor with the known historical date is marked in grey.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Balanovsky, O., Zhabagin, M., Agdzhoyan, A., Chukhryaeva, M., Zaporozhchenko, V., Utevska, O., Highnam, G., Sabitov, Z., Greenspan, E., Dibirova, K., Skhalyakho, R., Kuznetsova, M., Koshel, S., Yusupov, Y., Nymadawa, P., Zhumadilov, Z., Pocheshkhova, E., Haber, M., A. Zalloua, P., Yepiskoposyan, L., Dybo, A., Tyler-Smith, C., & Balanovska, E.
Venue
PLOS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2015-04-07
Volume
10
Issue
4
Pages
e0122968
ISSN
1932-6203
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0122968
PMC
PMC4388827
Cited by
40
References
2
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Deep Phylogenetic Analysis of Haplogroup G1 Provides Estimates of SNP and STR Mutation Rates on the Human Y-Chromosome and Reveals Migrations of Iranic Speakers. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1371/journal.pone.0122968
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Balanovsky, O., Zhabagin, M., Agdzhoyan, A., Chukhryaeva, M., Zaporozhchenko, V., Utevska, O., Highnam, G., Sabitov, Z., Greenspan, E., Dibirova, K., Skhalyakho, R., Kuznetsova, M., Koshel, S., Yusupov, Y., Nymadawa, P., Zhumadilov, Z., Pocheshkhova, E., Haber, M., A. Zalloua, P., . . . Balanovska, E. (2015). Deep Phylogenetic Analysis of Haplogroup G1 Provides Estimates of SNP and STR Mutation Rates on the Human Y-Chromosome and Reveals Migrations of Iranic Speakers. PLOS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122968