The Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Cohort-Study (SMSC): A Prospective Swiss Wide Investigation of Key Phases in Disease Evolution and New Treatment Options
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The mechanisms leading to disability and the long-term efficacy and safety of disease modifying drugs (DMDs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) are unclear. We aimed at building a prospective cohort of MS patients with standardized collection of demographic, clinical, MRI data and body fluids that can be used to develop prognostic indicators and biomarkers of disease evolution and therapeutic response. The Swiss MS Cohort (SMSC) is a prospective observational study performed across seven Swiss MS centers including patients with MS, clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), radiologically isolated syndrome or neuromyelitis optica. Neurological and radiological assessments and biological samples are collected every 6-12 months. We recruited 872 patients (clinically isolated syndrome [CIS] 5.5%, relapsing-remitting MS [RRMS] 85.8%, primary progressive MS [PPMS] 3.5%, secondary progressive MS [SPMS] 5.2%) between June 2012 and July 2015. We performed 2,286 visits (median follow-up 398 days) and collected 2,274 serum, plasma and blood samples, 152 cerebrospinal fluid samples and 1,276 brain MRI scans. 158 relapses occurred and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores increased in PPMS, SPMS and RRMS patients experiencing relapses. Most RRMS patients were treated with fingolimod (33.4%), natalizumab (24.5%) or injectable DMDs (13.6%). The SMSC will provide relevant information regarding DMDs efficacy and safety and will serve as a comprehensive infrastructure available for nested research projects.
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The development data included 1752 observations from 935 patients followed up every two years, with 302 events observed.
“Data included a total of 1752 observations from 935 patients followed up every two years, with 302 events observed (step 5).”
From Developing clinical prediction models: a step-by-step guide (2024) · cites this paper as [120]
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Self-citationInstance-level quantitative saliency in multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation
Spagnolo, F., Molchanova, N., Cuadra, M. B., Ocampo‐Pineda, M., Melie‐García, L., Granziera, C., Andrearczyk, V., & Depeursinge, A. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-36560-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Unraveling Microstructural and Macrostructural Brain Age Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis
Chen, X., Lu, P., Ocampo‐Pineda, M., Cagol, A., Schädelin, S., Ruberte, E., Weigel, M., Spagnolo, F., Benkert, P., Lieb, J. M., et al. (2025) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000200459 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Self-citationAdvances in neurofilament light chain analysis
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Chávez-Herrera, D., Rangel-Villanueva, E., Salazar-Hernández, M., Talavera-López, A., Arias, A. N. A., Hernández-Soto, R., Marcial, O. J. S., & Hernández, J. A. (2025) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules30173631 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Self-citationExploiting XAI Maps to Improve MS Lesion Segmentation and Detection in MRI
Spagnolo, F., Molchanova, N., Ocampo‐Pineda, M., Melie‐García, L., Cuadra, M. B., Granziera, C., Andrearczyk, V., & Depeursinge, A. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77610-6_12 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Treatment Strategies and Disease Activity During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Einsiedler, M., Zecca, C., Hofer, L., Benkert, P., Axfors, C., Bedussi, F., Ceschi, A., Disanto, G., Müller, J., Oechtering, J., et al. (2025) · Neurology Clinical Practice · doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000200499 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Self-citationSex differences in the development, treatment, and prognosis of multiple sclerosis in Switzerland
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Self-citationExploiting XAI maps to improve MS lesion segmentation and detection in MRIPreprint
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Self-citationThe Use of Baseline Score in Cost-Effectiveness Modeling of Competing Interventions
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Self-citationEmerging CSF and Serum Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Disanto, G., Benkert, P., Lorscheider, J., Mueller, S., Vehoff, J., Zecca, C., Ramseier, S., Achtnichts, L., Findling, O., Nedeltchev, K., Radue, E.-W., Sprenger, T., Stippich, C., Derfuss, T., Louvion, J.-F., Kamm, C. P., Mattle, H. P., Lotter, C., Du Pasquier, R., Schluep, M., Pot, C., Lalive, P. H., Yaldizli, Ö., Gobbi, C., Kappos, L., Kuhle, J., & SMSC Scientific Board
- Affiliations
- Ospedale regionale di Lugano (CH)
- University Hospital of Basel (CH)
- Kantonsspital St. Gallen (CH)
- Kantonsspital Aarau (CH)
- University of Basel (CH)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Schweizerische Multiple Sklerose Gesellschaft (CH)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Kappos, Ludwig
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2016-03-31
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e0152347
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4816556
- OpenAlex
- W2332489744
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 3.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- edoc (University of Basel) (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- Sanofi
- Biogen
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
- CSL Behring
- Multiple Sclerosis Society
- European Commission
- Bayer HealthCare
- National Research Foundation
- Schweizerische Multiple Sklerose Gesellschaft
- Allergan
- Novartis Pharma
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, disease-modifying drugs, disability progression, relapse, disease evolution, biomarkers, prognostic factors, clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, primary progressive multiple sclerosis, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, fingolimod, natalizumab, cerebrospinal fluid, serum and plasma biomarkers, brain MRI, treatment efficacy and safety
- MeSH terms
- Fingolimod Hydrochloride, Natalizumab, Adult, Brain, Demography, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Radiography, Recurrence, Switzerland, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers
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