Prevalence of Depression among Chinese University Students: A Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Depression is a major mental health issue worldwide, and university students with heavy burdens of study are at a high risk for depression. While a number of studies have been conducted regarding depression among university students in China, there is a lack of information regarding the national prevalence of depression among Chinese university students. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to statistically pool the prevalence of depression among Chinese university students. METHODS: A systematic search of scientific databases was conducted, including Chinese Web of Knowledge, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang (a Chinese database) and Weipu (a Chinese database) to find relevant publications published between 1995 and December 2015. This was supplemented by a secondary review of the reference lists of all retrieved papers to find additional relevant citations. Studies published in either English or Chinese that provided prevalence estimates of depression in Chinese university students were considered. Prevalence estimates of each eligible study were extracted and pooled in our meta-analysis using a random-effects model. RESULTS: A total of 39 studies conducted between 1997 and 2015 including 32,694 university students were analyzed. Our results indicate that the overall prevalence of depression among Chinese university students is 23.8% (95% CI: 19.9%-28.5%). Substantial heterogeneity in prevalence estimates was noted. Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of depression among medical students is higher than among other students. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the prevalence of depression among Chinese university students is exceedingly high. This suggests that it is imperative that more attention be given to the development of appropriate mental healthcare strategies for university students in China.
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Academic pressure, achievement expectations, study stress, living away from home amidst many life changes, and ineffective coping strategies are associated with mental distress and psychological disorders such as internet addiction, anxiety, and depression.
“Academic pressure, achievement expectations, study stress, living away from home amidst many life changes, and ineffective coping strategies were found to be associated with mental distress and psychological disorders such as internet addiction, anxiety, and depression [2-4].”
From Promoting the mental health of university students in China: Protocol for contextual assessment to inform intervention design and adaptation (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe prevalence of depression among Chinese university students is approximately 20%-30%.
“The prevalence of depression among Chinese university students is even higher, at approximately 20%-30% [3,4].”
From Promoting the mental health of university students in China: Protocol for contextual assessment to inform intervention design and adaptation (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
The prevalence of clinically elevated depressive symptoms in our sample (46.6%) is roughly twice as high as meta-analytic estimates of clinical elevations among Chinese college students prior to the pandemic (23.8%).
“The prevalence of clinically elevated depressive symptoms in our sample (46.6%) is roughly twice as high as meta-analytic estimates of clinical elevations among Chinese college students prior to the pandemic (23.8%) [36].”
From Psychiatric symptoms, risk, and protective factors among university students in quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic in China (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Lei, X.-Y., Xiao, L.-M., Liu, Y.-N., & Li, Y.-M.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2016-04-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e0153454
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4829172
- OpenAlex
- W2336738582
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 2.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Keywords
- depression, prevalence, university students, Chinese students, medical students, student mental health, mental health services
- MeSH terms
- China, Depression, Humans, Students, Universities, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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