D-cycloserine augmentation of behavior therapy for anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders: a meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The present meta-analysis investigates whether the antibiotic D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, can augment the effect of behavior therapy in humans with anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. METHOD: A keyword-based computer search was conducted using common electronic databases. Only studies investigating the effect of DCS in humans with anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders were included, resulting in 23 studies with a combined sample size of 1314 patients. Effect sizes were coded as Hedges' g and SMCC, the latter also incorporating differences in pre-treatment values. Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis was applied to take dependencies of effect sizes obtained from the same study into account. RESULTS: While previous meta-analyses found small to moderate improvements, the current results including the most recent research indicate that the overall effect of DCS is very small and almost indistinguishable from zero (g = -0.12, CI = [-0.27, 0.02]; SMCC = -0.10, CI = [-0.29, 0.07]). Slightly larger effects were found for social anxious patients. Further, study quality and year of publication were relevant moderators, with higher quality / more recent studies reported smaller effects of DCS. CONCLUSIONS: These findings raise the question of the usefulness of DCS as an augmentation of exposure therapy for anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. At least, it seems to be less promising than initially thought. The fact that study quality was inversely related to the reported effect sizes underlines the importance of high quality primary research in order to avoid over-estimation of treatment effects in clinical psychology.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A recent meta-analysis concluded a small to moderate effect of D-cycloserine administration for SAD patients in particular.
“A recent meta-analysis (Burkner et al., 2017) concluded a small to moderate effect of D-cycloserine administration for SAD patients in particular.”
From Virtual Reality exposure therapy in the treatment of public speaking anxiety and social anxiety disorder (2024) · cites this paper as Burkner et al., 2017
The Discussion (page unavailable) says D-cycloserine may have a small to moderate effect for socially anxious patients, but cautions that the subgroup finding needs more research. The claim omits that uncertainty and presents the effect as a firm conclusion. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · see citing works
Conducting Meta-Analyses in <i>R</i> with the <b>metafor</b> Package
Viechtbauer, W. (2010) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v036.i03 · Cited by 20,464 · see citing works
Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x · Cited by 14,099 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052 · see citing works
<i>Stan</i> : A Probabilistic Programming Language
Carpenter, B., Gelman, A., Hoffman, M. D., Lee, D., Goodrich, B., Betancourt, M., Brubaker, M., Guo, J., Li, P., & Riddell, A. (2017) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v076.i01 · Cited by 7,754 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The packagemetafor [67] was used for the effect size computation, while the package brms [68]–allowing to fit Bayesian multilevel models (including meta-analytic models) using Stan [69]–was used for the actual analysis.”
MethodSterne, J. A. C., Sutton, A. J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Terrin, N., Jones, D. R., Lau, J., Carpenter, J., Rucker, G., Harbord, R. M., Schmid, C. H., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d4002 · Cited by 7,709 · see citing works
Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611417632 · Cited by 6,567 · see citing works
Schulz (1995) · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520290060030 · Cited by 5,634 · see citing works
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1. The Cochrane Collaboration
Higgins, J., Green, S. R., & Higgins, J. (2008) · Cited by 5,544 · see citing works
Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Q statistic or I² index?
Huedo-Medina, T. B., Sánchez-Meca, J., Marín-Martínez, F., & Botella, J. (2006) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.11.2.193 · Cited by 4,256 · see citing works
Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis
Sterne, J. A. C., & Egger, M. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00377-8 · Cited by 3,779 · see citing works
Moher, D., Pham, B., Jones, A., Cook, D. J., Jadad, A. R., Moher, M., Tugwell, P., & Klassen, T. P. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)01085-x · Cited by 3,560 · see citing works
How should meta‐regression analyses be undertaken and interpreted?
Thompson, S. G., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1187 · Cited by 3,026 · see citing works
Chapter 9: Analysing Data and Undertaking Meta-Analyses
Deeks, J. J., Higgins, J. P. T., & Altman, D. G. (2008) · Cited by 2,782 · see citing works
The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Ruscio, A. M., Stein, D. J., Chiu, W. T., & Kessler, R. C. (2010) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2008.94 · Cited by 2,771 · see citing works
Morris, S. B., & DeShon, R. P. (2002) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.1.105 · Cited by 2,502 · see citing works
Publication Bias in Meta‐Analysis: Prevention, Assessment and Adjustments
(2005) · doi:10.1002/0470870168 · Cited by 2,368 · see citing works
Analysing Data and Undertaking Meta‐Analyses
Deeks, J. J., Higgins, J. P., & Altman, D. G. (2008) · Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions · doi:10.1002/9780470712184.ch9 · Cited by 1,800 · see citing works
Hulley, S. B. (1997) · Cited by 1,753 · see citing works
Hoffman, S. G., & Smits, J. A. J. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v69n0415 · Cited by 1,420 · see citing works
Egger, M., Jüni, P., Bartlett, C., Holenstein, F., & Sterne, J. (2003) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta7010 · Cited by 1,181 · cited 1× · see citing works
“During the process of conducting a meta-analysis it is of importance to appraise the methodological quality of included primary studies [54].”
MethodRessler, K. J., Rothbaum, B. O., Tannenbaum, L., Anderson, P., Graap, K., Zimand, E., Hodges, L., & Davis, M. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.11.1136 · Cited by 1,063 · see citing works
Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., Huppert, J. D., Kjernisted, K., Rowan, V., Schmidt, A. B., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.1.151 · Cited by 1,048 · see citing works
Barlow, D. H., Gorman, J. M., Shear, M. K., & Woods, S. W. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.19.2529 · Cited by 953 · see citing works
McAuley, L., Pham, B., Tugwell, P., & Moher, D. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02786-0 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Kirby, R. S. (2014) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.01.010 · Cited by 681 · see citing works
Baldwin, D. S., Anderson, I. M., Nutt, D. J., Bandelow, B., Bond, A., Davidson, J. R. T., den Boer, J. A., Fineberg, N. A., Knapp, M., Scott, J., et al. (2005) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881105059253 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Grey literature in meta-analyses of randomized trials of health care interventions
Hopewell, S., McDonald, S., Clarke, M. J., & Egger, M. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.mr000010.pub3 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., McManus, F., Hackmann, A., Fennell, M., Campbell, H., Flower, T., Davenport, C., & Louis, B. (2003) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.71.6.1058 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Augmentation of Exposure Therapy With D-Cycloserine for Social Anxiety Disorder
Hofmann, S. G., Meuret, A. E., Smits, J. A. J., Simon, N. M., Pollack, M. H., Eisenmenger, K., Shiekh, M., & Otto, M. W. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.3.298 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of D-cycloserine and the facilitation of fear extinction and exposure therapy
Norberg, M. M., Krystal, J. H., & Tolin, D. F. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.012 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Rothbaum, B. O., Price, M., Jovanovic, T., Norrholm, S. D., Gerardi, M., Dunlop, B., Davis, M., Bradley, B., Duncan, E. J., Rizzo, A., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13121625 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
D-Cycloserine Augmented Exposure Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Kushner, M. G., Kim, S. W., Donahue, C. B., THURAS, P. D., Adson, D. E., Kotlyar, M., McCabe, J., Peterson, J., & Foa, E. B. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.12.020 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Augmentation of Behavior Therapy With <scp>d</scp> -Cycloserine for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Wilhelm, S., Buhlmann, U., Tolin, D. F., Meunier, S. A., Pearlson, G. D., Reese, H. E., Cannistraro, P., Jenike, M. A., & Rauch, S. L. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07050776 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Self-citationGuastella, A. J., Richardson, R., Lovibond, P. F., Rapee, R. M., Gaston, J. E., Mitchell, P., & Dadds, M. R. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.11.011 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Huppert, J. D., Simpson, H. B., Nissenson, K. J., Liebowitz, M. R., & Foa, E. B. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20506 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Treatment-resistant anxiety disorders
Bystritsky, A. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001852 · Cited by 289 · cited 16× · see citing works
“This first study was followed by several other studies on anxiety disorders including agoraphobia / panic disorder [22,23], OCD [20,24–29], post-traumatic stress disorder [30–33], social anxiety disorder [34–37], and specific phobia [21,38,39].”
BackgroundInfluentialMataix-Cols, D., Fernández de la Cruz, L., Monzani, B., Rosenfield, D., Andersson, E., Pérez-Vigil, A., Frumento, P., de Kleine, R. A., Difede, J., Dunlop, B. W., et al. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3955 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
A Quality-Effects Model for Meta-Analysis
Doi, S. A. R., & Thalib, L. (2008) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31815c24e7 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Efficacy of D-Cycloserine for Enhancing Response to Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Panic Disorder
Otto, M. W., Tolin, D. F., Simon, N. M., Pearlson, G. D., Basden, S., Meunier, S. A., Hofmann, S. G., Eisenmenger, K., Krystal, J. H., & Pollack, M. H. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.036 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
de Kleine, R. A., Hendriks, G.-J., Kusters, W. J. C., Broekman, T. G., & van Minnen, A. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.02.033 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
D-cycloserine does not enhance exposure-response prevention therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Storch, E. A., Merlo, L. J., Bengtson, M., Murphy, T. K., Lewis, M. H., Yang, M. C., Jacob, M. L., Larson, M., Hirsh, A., Fernandez, M., et al. (2007) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0b013e32819f8480 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Litz, B. T., Salters-Pedneault, K., Steenkamp, M. M., Hermos, J. A., Bryant, R. A., Otto, M. W., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.05.006 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Storch, E. A., Murphy, T. K., Goodman, W. K., Geffken, G. R., Lewin, A. B., Henin, A., Micco, J. A., Sprich, S. E., Wilhelm, S., Bengtson, M. A., et al. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.015 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Facilitation of fear extinction by D-cycloserine: theoretical and clinical implications
Richardson, R., Ledgerwood, L., & Cranney, J. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.78204 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Davis, M. (2002) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02138.x · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Hofmann, S. G., Smits, J. A. J., Rosenfield, D., Simon, N., Otto, M. W., Meuret, A. E., Marques, L., Fang, A., Tart, C., & Pollack, M. H. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12070974 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Bouncing forward of young refugees: a perspective on resilience research directions
Sleijpen, M., ter Heide, F. J. J., Mooren, T. T. M., Boeije, H., & Kleber, R. J. (2013) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.20124 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Andersson, E., Hedman‐Lagerlöf, E., Enander, J., Djurfeldt, D. R., Ljótsson, B., Červenka, S., Isung, J., Svanborg, C., Mataix‐Cols, D., Kaldo, V., et al. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0546 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Does D-cycloserine enhance exposure therapy for anxiety disorders in humans? A meta-analysis
Rodrigues, H., Figueira, I., Lopes, A., Gonçalves, R., Mendlowicz, M. V., Coutinho, E. S. F., & Ventura, P. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093519 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Hofmann, S. G. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22257 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Storch, E. A., Wilhelm, S., Sprich, S. E., Henin, A., Micco, J. A., Small, B. J., Mcguire, J. F., Mutch, P. J., Lewin, A. B., Murphy, T. K., et al. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.1128 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
brms: Bayesian Regression Models using 'Stan'
Bürkner, P. (2015) · doi:10.32614/cran.package.brms · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationFarrell, L. J., Waters, A. M., Boschen, M. J., Hattingh, L., McConnell, H. W., Oar, E. L., Collings, N., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., Shelton, D., Ollendick, T. H., et al. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22132 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Siegmund, A., Golfels, F., Finck, C., Halisch, A., Räth, D., Plag, J., & Ströhle, A. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.01.020 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Novel treatment approaches for refractory anxiety disorders
Pollack, M. H., Otto, M. W., Roy-Byrne, P. P., Coplan, J. D., Rothbaum, B. O., Simon, N. M., & Gorman, J. M. (2008) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20329 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Augmentation of exposure therapy with post-session administration of D-cycloserine
Tart, C. D., Handelsman, P. R., DeBoer, L. B., Rosenfield, D., Pollack, M. H., Hofmann, S. G., Powers, M. B., Otto, M. W., & Smits, J. A. J. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.09.024 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Scheeringa, M. S., & Weems, C. F. (2014) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0106 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Bontempo, A., Panza, K. E., & Bloch, M. H. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.11r07356 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Boje, K. M., Wong, G., & Skolnick, P. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91239-o · Cited by 69 · see citing works
RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF D-CYCLOSERINE ENHANCEMENT OF COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR PANIC DISORDER
Otto, M. W., Pollack, M. H., Dowd, S. M., Hofmann, S. G., Pearlson, G. D., Szuhany, K. L., Gueorguieva, R. V., Krystal, J. H., Simon, N. M., & Tolin, D. F. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22531 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Pharmacological enhancement of exposure-based treatment in PTSD: a qualitative review
de Kleine, R. A., ROTHBAUM, B. O., & van Minnen, A. (2013) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.21626 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Mataix‐Cols, D., Turner, C. M., Monzani, B. A., Isomura, K., Murphy, C., Krebs, G., & Heyman, I. (2013) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.126284 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Rebuttal to editorial saying cancer survival statistics are misleading
Coleman, M. P., Rachet, B., Woods, L. M., Berrino, F., Butler, J., Capocaccia, R., Dickman, P. W., Gavin, A., Giorgi, R., Hamilton, W. T., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d4214 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Nave, A. M., Tolin, D., & Stevens, M. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.11m07564 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Quality of Life in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Stein, D. J., Allen, A., Bobes, J., Eisen, J. L., Figuera, M. L., Iikura, Y., Koran, L. M., & Hollander, E. (2000) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900025025 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Modelling study quality in meta-analysis
Tritchler, D. (1999) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19990830)18:16 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Cognitive enhancers for the treatment of anxiety disorders
Hofmann, S. G., Fang, A., & Gutner, C. A. (2014) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-139002 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Rapee, R. M., Jones, M. P., Hudson, J. L., Malhi, G. S., Lyneham, H. J., & Schneider, S. C. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.10.004 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Novel Treatment Approaches for Refractory Anxiety Disorders
Pollack, M. H., Otto, M. W., Roy‐Byrne, P., Coplan, J. D., Rothbaum, B. O., Simon, N. M., & Gorman, J. M. (2008) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/foc.6.4.foc486 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Sheerin, C. M. (2013) · ScholarWorks - WMU (Western Michigan University) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mataix-Cols, D., de la Cruz, L. F., Monzani, B., Rosenfield, D., Andersson, E., Pérez-Vigil, A., Frumento, P., Kleine, R. A. D., Difede, J., Dunlop, B. W., et al. (2017) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 75 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Structure, Function, and Pharmacology of Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels
Hansen, K. B., Wollmuth, L. P., Bowie, D., Furukawa, H., Menniti, F. S., Sobolevsky, A. I., Swanson, G. T., Swanger, S. A., Greger, I. H., Nakagawa, T., et al. (2021) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.120.000131 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Leichsenring, F., Steinert, C., Rabung, S., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2022) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20941 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Sartori, S. B., & Singewald, N. (2019) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107402 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Virtual reality therapy in social anxiety disorder
Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Meyerbröker, K., & Morina, N. (2020) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-020-01156-1 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Nasir, M., Trujillo, D., Levine, J. L. S., Dwyer, J. B., Rupp, Z. W., & Bloch, M. H. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.548505 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Fear conditioning and extinction in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review
Cooper, S. E., & Dunsmoor, J. E. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.026 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Singewald, N., Sartori, S. B., Reif, A., & Holmes, A. (2023) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109418 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
How to Detect Publication Bias in Psychological Research
Renkewitz, F., & Keiner, M. (2019) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000386 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Rosenfield, D., Smits, J. A. J., Hofmann, S. G., Mataix‐Cols, D., de la Cruz, L. F., Andersson, E., Rück, C., Monzani, B. A., Pérez-Vigil, A., Frumento, P., et al. (2019) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.102149 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapeutic Strategies and New Targets in OCD
Pittenger, C. (2021) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2020_204 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Hoppen, L. M., Kuck, N., Bürkner, P.-C., Karin, E., Wootton, B. M., & Buhlmann, U. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03272-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationKvale, G., Hansen, B. K. A., Hagen, K., Abramowitz, J. S., Børtveit, T., Craske, M. G., Franklin, M. E., Haseth, S., Himle, J. A., Hystad, S. W., et al. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13249 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Michael, T., Schanz, C. G., Mattheus, H. K., Issler, T. C., Frommberger, U., Köllner, V., & Equit, M. (2019) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1634938 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Öst, L., Enebrink, P., Finnes, A., Ghaderi, A., Havnen, A., Kvale, G., Salomonsson, S., & Wergeland, G. J. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104323 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Seuling, P. D., Czernin, N. S., & Schiele, M. A. (2024) · Neuroscience Applied · doi:10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104074 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“A recent meta-analysis (Burkner et al., 2017) concluded a small to moderate effect of D-cycloserine administration for SAD patients in particular.”
Cooper, S. E., Grillon, C., & Lissek, S. M. (2018) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.07.001 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Öst, L., Brattmyr, M., Finnes, A., Ghaderi, A., Havnen, A., Hedman‐Lagerlöf, M., Parling, T., Welch, E., & Wergeland, G. J. (2023) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24104 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Glutamatergic augmentation strategies in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Narayanaswamy, J., & Sheshachala, K. (2019) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_520_18 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Pittenger, C., Brennan, B. P., Koran, L. M., Mathews, C. A., Nestadt, G., Pato, M. T., Phillips, K. A., Rodríguez, C. I., Simpson, H. B., Skapinakis, P., et al. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113853 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Pyrkosch, L., Mumm, J., Alt, I., Fehm, L., Fydrich, T., Plag, J., & Ströhle, A. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.016 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Webler, R. D., Oathes, D. J., van Rooij, S. J. H., Gewirtz, J. C., Nahas, Z. H., Lissek, S. M., & Widge, A. S. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105005 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Renkewitz, F., & Keiner, M. (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/w94ep · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Current status of biological treatment options in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Eapen, V., Nicholls, L. E., Spagnol, V., & Mathew, N. E. (2017) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2017.07.025 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ameringen, M. V., Fineberg, N. A., Ravindran, A. V., Arnold, P. D., Beaulieu, S., Brakoulias, V., Brietzke, E. M., Dowlati, Y., Drummond, L. M., Ferretti, C. J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.12.039 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Clinical practice guidelines for obsessive-compulsive disorder: 2025 update
Arumugham, S. S., Narayanaswamy, J. C., Balachander, S., Sharma, E., Jaisoorya, T. S., Reddy, S. C., Siddiqui, A., Desouza, A., Shah, P., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2026) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry_1259_25 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral and related therapies for obsessive–compulsive and related disorders
Reddy, Y. C. J., Arumugham, S. S., & Balachander, S. (2021) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000731 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mendis, K., Gnanapragasam, M. A., Keerthirathne, D. H. G. A. N., Madushani, L. A. N., Piyasekara, G. M. T. M., Senanayake, S., Bandara, C., Abeytunga, T. U., Gunaratna, T. A. N. R., & Jayakody, T. (2025) · Phytomedicine Plus · doi:10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100794 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Weidle, B., Ivarsson, T., Asbahr, F. R., Calvo, R. M., Mataix‐Cols, D., Rynn, M. A., & Storch, E. A. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113858 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Are current pharmacotherapeutic strategies effective in treating OCD?
Reddy, Y. C. J., & Arumugham, S. S. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1735355 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Öst, L., Brattmyr, M., Enebrink, P., Finnes, A., Ghaderi, A., Hansdóttir, I., Havnen, A., Njarðvík, U., Salomonsson, S., & Wergeland, G. J. (2025) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2025.2588173 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Adjuvante Therapie bei posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung
Schanz, C. G., Equit, M., & Michael, T. (2019) · PiD - Psychotherapie im Dialog · doi:10.1055/a-0771-5138 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effect of concentrated exposure and response prevention on symptoms of insomnia
Landrø, N. E. H., Pryser, S. H., Hagen, K., Hansen, B. K. A., Kvale, G., & Solem, S. (2024) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2024.100891 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Öst, L., Andersson, E., Liberman, L. C., Fladvad, A., Havnen, A., Riise, E. N., Wahlund, T., & Wergeland, G. J. (2026) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2026.2696809 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
London, E., & Yoo, J. H. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11081073 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Beyond Depression: Ketamine and Glutamatergic Agents for PTSD, OCD, and Other Potential Applications
Dougherty, J. W., Ettensohn, M. F., & Levine, S. P. (2018) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20180312-03
Pharmacologic-Augmented Treatments
Schneider, S. C., & Storch, E. A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235655.020
Integration of Psychopharmacology and Behavior Analysis for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Yoo, J. H., & London, E. (2022) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88538-0_54
Oar, E. L., Lavell, C. H., & Ollendick, T. H. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91497-0.00254-x
Chapter 52. Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Kayser, R. R., & Simpson, H. B. (2024) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375523.as52 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Li, M., Şen, Z. D., Danyeli, L. V., Javaheripour, N., & Walter, M. (2025) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-4603-8_14
Hoppen, L., Kuck, N., Bürkner, P.-C., Karin, E., Wootton, B. M., & Buhlmann, U. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14889693
Self-citation
- Authors
- Bürkner, P.-C., Bittner, N., Holling, H., & Buhlmann, U.
- Affiliations
- University of Münster (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Bürkner, Paul-Christian
- Buhlmann, Ulrike
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2017-03-10
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e0173660
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5345832
- OpenAlex
- W2592039616
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- URN:NBN Resolver for Germany & Switzerland (German National Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- D-cycloserine, augmentation therapy, behavior therapy, exposure therapy, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, NMDA receptor partial agonist, social anxiety, treatment effect size, study quality
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Bayes Theorem, Cycloserine, Humans, Implosive Therapy, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
