Virtual reality therapy in social anxiety disorder
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review provides an overview of current methods and important aspects to consider when applying virtual worlds in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD). RECENT FINDINGS: Different aspects such as dialogs between avatars and patients have been investigated as well as virtual audiences, emotional facial expression, and verbal interaction with avatars. Results of these studies are promising. Few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) in SAD. Unfortunately, most RCTs into the efficacy of VRET in comparison with exposure in vivo in SAD have been conducted with a combination of cognitive interventions and VRET. No differences between these conditions were found, but the pure effect of VRET as a stand-alone treatment has only been investigated in one RCT, wherein VRET was not superior to exposure in vivo. Current research into different facets of SAD and VRET has produced promising results with respect to technological aspects. No differences in efficacy between cognitive behavior therapy and VRET were found, but there is a clear need for studies investigating the efficacy of VRET as a stand-alone treatment and the therapeutic processes involved before this therapy can be disseminated in routine clinical practice.
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Amplifying standard VRET with interventions aimed at modifying dysfunctional attentional biases in SAD does not appear to result in additional clinical change and provides no incremental advantage to VRET.
“amplifying standard VRET with interventions aimed at modifying dysfunctional attentional biases in SAD does not appear to result in additional clinical change and provides no incremental advantage to VRET”
From Virtual Reality exposure therapy in the treatment of public speaking anxiety and social anxiety disorder (2024) · cites this paper as Emmelkamp et al., 2020
The Attention Bias section (page not available) reports disappointing results for attention-bias modification in SAD and says a VR-based task did not change attentional bias, with most participants showing no clinical improvement. It does not compare standard VRET with VRET augmented by attention-bias interventions, so the claimed lack of incremental advantage is not established. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Meyerbröker, K., & Morina, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Emmelkamp, Paul M. G.
- Venue
- Current Psychiatry Reports
- Published
- 2020-05-13
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 32-32
- ISSN
- 1523-3812 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-1645
- PMC
- PMC7220867
- OpenAlex
- W3024886852
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Current Psychiatry Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- University of Amsterdam
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- virtual reality exposure therapy, social anxiety disorder, avatars, virtual audience, facial expressions, exposure therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Phobia, Social, Emotions, Fear, Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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