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Musical practice as an enhancer of cognitive function in healthy aging-A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Román-Caballero, Rafael, Arnedo, Marisa, Triviño, Mónica, Lupiáñez, Juan·2018·PLOS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0207957PMC PMC6258526
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Abstract

Aging is accompanied by cognitive decline, although recent research indicates that the rate of decline depends on multiple lifestyle factors. One of such factors is musical practice, an activity that involves several sensory and motor systems and a wide range of high-level cognitive processes. This paper describes the first systematic review and meta-analysis, to our knowledge, of the impact of musical practice on healthy neurocognitive aging. The inclusion criteria for the review required that studies were empirical works in English or Spanish that they explored the effects of musical practice on older people; they included an assessment of cognitive functions and/or an assessment of brain status; and they included a sample of participants aged 59 years or older with no cognitive impairment or brain damage. This review led to the selection of 13 studies: 9 correlational studies involving older musicians and non-musicians and 4 experimental studies involving short-term musical training programs. The results of the meta-analysis showed cognitive and cerebral benefits of musical practice, both in domain-specific functions (auditory perception) and in other rather domain-general functions. Moreover, these benefits seem to protect cognitive domains that usually decline with aging and boost other domains that do not decline with aging. The origin of these benefits may reside, simultaneously, in the specific training of many of these cognitive functions during musical practice (specific training mechanism), in the improvement of compensatory cognitive processes (specific compensatory mechanism), and in the preservation of general functions with a global influence on others, such as perceptual capacity, processing speed, inhibition and attention (general compensatory mechanism). Therefore, musical practice seems to be a promising tool to reduce the impact of cognitive problems associated to aging.

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  • Any benefit in attention and executive functions might indirectly influence performance in academic and cognitive activities, acting as a mediator between musical training and non-musical skills.

    “Therefore, any benefit in attention and executive functions might indirectly influence performance in those activities (i.e., acting as a mediator factor between musical training and non-musical skills; Hannon & Trainor, 2007;Moreno & Farzan, 2015;Román-Caballero et al., 2018).”

    From Please don't stop the music: A meta-analysis of the cognitive and academic benefits of instrumental musical training in childhood and adolescence (2022) · cites this paper as Román-Caballero et al., 2018

    The Discussion (‘Explanations on the cognitive benefits of musical practice’) proposes that attention has a crosscutting influence on other cognitive processes and that greater inhibitory capacity could underlie other benefits observed in musicians. This supports the suggested indirect pathway to non-musical cognitive skills, but our copy does not address performance in academic activities. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Authors
Román-Caballero, R., Arnedo, M., Triviño, M., & Lupiáñez, J.
Affiliations
Universidad de Granada (ES)
Corresponding author
Román-Caballero, Rafael
ORCID
Venue
PLOS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2018-11-27
Volume
13
Issue
11
Pages
e0207957
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0207957
PMC
PMC6258526
OpenAlex
W2902938757
Cited by
113
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 2
FWCI
1.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España (PSI2017-84926-P)
  • Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (ES) (FPU17/02864)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Music › Diverse Music Education Insights
Keywords
music practice, musical training, healthy aging, cognitive aging, cognitive decline, older adults, auditory perception, processing speed, inhibition, attention, compensatory mechanisms, neurocognitive aging
MeSH terms
Healthy Aging, Cognition, Humans, Motor Skills, Music, Practice, Psychological, Cognitive Dysfunction

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