Selective review of cognitive aging
Open accessAbstract
Research concerned with relations between adult age and cognitive functioning is briefly reviewed. The coverage is necessarily selective, and is organized in terms of five major questions. These are what abilities are related to age, how many distinct influences are contributing to the relations between age and cognitive functioning, do the differences between people increase with advancing age, what is responsible for the discrepancies between cross-sectional and longitudinal age comparisons of cognitive functioning, and what methods can be used to identify causes of age-related influences on cognition. Although definitive answers are not yet possible, quite a bit of information relevant to the questions is now available. Moreover, the existing information has implications for the design, analysis, and interpretation of cognitive and neuropsychological research concerned with aging. ( JINS , 2010, 16 , 754–760.)
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Fluid cognitive abilities (e.g., processing speed, attention, executive functioning) decline in late life and can negatively impact older adults' ability to manage day-to-day tasks.
“While crystallized cognition (e.g., acquired knowledge, vocabulary) is relatively preserved in late life, older adults’ ability to successfully manage day-to-day tasks can be negatively impacted by prototypical declines in fluid cognitive abilities (e.g., processing speed, attention, executive functioning) [2–4].”
From Primary outcome from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT): A tDCS and cognitive training randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
In “What Cognitive Variables and Abilities Are Affected?” (page unavailable), the review describes relatively preserved vocabulary and general information alongside age-related declines in processing efficiency and neuropsychological test performance. It does not establish that these declines impair older adults’ management of day-to-day tasks, and it cautions that speed is distinct from fluid ability in psychometric classifications. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese cognitive changes typically manifest at ages younger than those at which plaque deposition typically begins.
“These changes typically manifest at ages younger than those at which plaque deposition typically begins.”
From The Alzheimer’s disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: progress and perspectives (2014) · cites this paper as [245]
At least some elements of cognitive decline evolve throughout adulthood.
“Lastly, it is worth noting that at least some elements of cognitive decline evolve throughout adulthood [195, 242-245].”
From The Alzheimer’s disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: progress and perspectives (2014) · cites this paper as [245]
Cognitive speed and multitasking abilities become less robust with advancing age.
“Cognitive speed and multitasking abilities, for example, become less robust with advancing age.”
From The Alzheimer’s disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: progress and perspectives (2014) · cites this paper as [245]
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The Relation Between Attention and Memory
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The effect of type 1 diabetes on the developing brain
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The aging mouse brain: cognition, connectivity and calcium
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Photobiomodulation Improves the Frontal Cognitive Function of Older Adults
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Quantifying flexibility in thought: The resiliency of semantic networks differs across the lifespan
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“Walking” through the sensory, cognitive, and temporal degradations of healthy aging
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The Role of Resting-State Network Functional Connectivity in Cognitive Aging
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Exploring the relationship between video game expertise and fluid intelligence
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Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Healthy Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Differential effect of age on posterior and anterior hippocampal functional connectivity
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Structural differences in the semantic networks of younger and older adults
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Cognitive Aging in a Social and Affective Context: Advances Over the Past 50 Years
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- Authors
- SALTHOUSE, T. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- Corresponding author
- SALTHOUSE, TIMOTHY A.
- Venue
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2010-08-02
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 754-760
- ISSN
- 1355-6177 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7661
- PMC
- PMC3637655
- OpenAlex
- W2077435037
- Cited by
- 1,166
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 84 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 105 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 140 · 2020: 124 · 2019: 92 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (R37 024270)
- National Institute on Aging (R37AG024270)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- cognitive aging, age-related cognitive decline, individual differences in aging
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans
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