Cited by 107Emotional Intelligence and PerformanceSocial Skills and EducationHuman Resource Development and Performance Evaluation

Can emotional intelligence be improved? A randomized experimental study of a business-oriented EI training program for senior managers

Open access
Gilar-Corbi, Raquel, Pozo-Rico, Teresa, Sánchez, Bárbara, Castejón, Juan-Luís·2019·PLOS ONE

Abstract

Purpose: This article presents the results of a training program in emotional intelligence.Design/methodology/approach: Emotional Intelligence (EI) involves two important competencies: (1) the ability to recognize feelings and emotions in oneself and others, and (2) the ability to use that information to resolve conflicts and problems to improve interactions with others.We provided a 30-hour Training Course on Emotional Intelligence (TCEI) for 54 senior managers of a private company.A pretest-posttest design with a control group was adopted.Findings: EI assessed using mixed and ability-based measures can be improved after training.Originality/value: The study's results revealed that EI can be improved within business environments.Results and implications of including EI training in professional development plans for private organizations are discussed. Defining EIVarious models of emotional intelligence (EI) have been proposed.The existing scientific literature offers three main models of EI: mixed, ability, and trait models.First, mixed models conceptualize EI as a combination of emotional skills and personality dimensions such as

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1371/journal.pone.0224254

Cites

69 of 71 references verified1 citation errors · 1 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Emotional intelligence can be learned and improved through the implementation of intervention programs.

    “According to a number of studies, emotional intelligence can be learned and improved through the implementation of intervention programs (Gilar-Corbi et al., 2019; Nelis et al., 2011).”

    From Adolescent Social Media Use and Emotional Intelligence: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as Gilar-Corbi et al., 2019

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. [4]Mayer J. D., Salovey P., and Caruso D. R. Emotional intelligence: Theory, findings, and implications. Psychological Inquiry. 2004; 15, 197– 215.
  2. [17]Moreno-Jimenez B., Blanco-Donoso L. M., Aguirre-Camacho A., de Rivas S., and Herrero M. Social skills for the new organizations. Behavioral Psychology-Psicologia Conductual. 2014; 22, 585– 602.
  3. [27]Batool B. F. Emotional intelligence and effective leadership. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly. 2013; 4(3), 84.
  4. [43]Gilar-Corbi R., Pozo-Rico T., and Castejon-Costa J. L. Improving emotional intelligence in higher education students: testing program effectiveness in tree countries. Educacion Xx1. 2019; 22(1), 161– 187. 10.5944/educXX1.1988044 · DOI
  5. [44]Pool L. D., and Qualter P. Improving emotional intelligence and emotional self-efficacy through a teaching intervention for university students. Learning and Individual Differences. 2012; 22(3), 306– 312. 10.1016/j.lindif.2012.01.010 · DOI
  6. [59]Staudel T. Key competences for apprentices. International Journal of Psychology. 2008; 43(3–4), 336–336.
  7. [64]Hair J. F., Anderson R. E., Tatham R. L., and Black W. C. Análisis Multivariante, 5ª Ed. Madrid: Prentice Hall Iberia; 1999.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Gilar-Corbi, R., Pozo-Rico, T., Sánchez, B., & Castejón, J.-L.
Affiliations
University of Alicante (ES)
Corresponding author
Pozo-Rico, Teresa
Venue
PLOS ONE
Published
2019-10-23
Volume
14
Issue
10
Pages
e0224254
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2982171655
Cited by
102
References
70
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7
FWCI
10.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante (Universidad de Alicante) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (EDU2015-64562-R)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotional Intelligence and Performance
  • Social Sciences › Education › Social Skills and Education
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation
Keywords
emotional intelligence, emotional intelligence training, business executives, professional development, conflict resolution, workplace emotions, private enterprises
MeSH terms
Adult, Female, Humans, Leadership, Male, Negotiating, Emotional Intelligence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review