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Total sleep deprivation increases pain sensitivity, impairs conditioned pain modulation and facilitates temporal summation of pain in healthy participants
Open accessAbstract
Chronic pain patients often suffer from insomnia or impaired sleep which has been associated with increased pain sensitivity, but a limited amount of studies have investigated the effects of total sleep deprivation on central pain mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of total sleep deprivation on temporal summation, conditioned pain modulation, thermal and pressure pain sensitivity in healthy participants. Twenty-four healthy participants took part in this two-session trial. The measurements were conducted after a night of habitual sleep (baseline) and following 24 hours of total sleep deprivation. Detection thresholds for cold and warmth and pain thresholds for cold and heat were assessed. Cuff induced pressure pain detection and tolerance thresholds, temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation were assessed with user-independent, computer-controlled cuff algometry. Conditioned pain modulation was significantly impaired, temporal summation was significantly facilitated and pain sensitivity to pressure and cold pain were significantly increased at follow-up compared with baseline. In conclusion, this study found that one night of total sleep deprivation impaired descending pain pathways, facilitated spinal excitability and sensitized peripheral pathways to cold and pressure pain. Future studies are encouraged to investigate if sleep therapy might normalize pain sensitivity in sleep-deprived chronic pain patients.
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“Sleep-related variables have been shown to predict pain-related outcomes such as disability [74], and sleep disruption is related to increased pain sensitivity and lowered pain thresholds [75].”
From ACTsmart: Guided Smartphone-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain—A Pilot Trial. (2021) · cites this paper as [75]
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“Sleep deprivation disturbs the pain inhibitory system and increases the pain sensitivity to cold and pressure (Staffe et al., 2019).”
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“Staffe et al., 2019 described a significant disruption of CPM and an increase in temporal summation in patients with sleep deprivation [70].”
BackgroundInsomnia and cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic back pain
Parfenova, E. V. (2020) · Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics · doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2020-4-119-124 · Cited by 8
Nielsen, S. S., Skou, S. T., Larsen, A. E., Polianskis, R., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Østergaard, A. S., Kjær-Staal Petersen, K., Vægter, H. B., Søndergaard, J., & Christensen, J. R. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2023-0043 · Cited by 7
Youth with functional abdominal pain disorders have more sleep disturbances. A school-based study
Santucci, N. R., Velasco-Benítez, C., Velasco-Suárez, D. A., King, C., Byars, K. C., Dye, T., Li, J., & Saps, M. (2024) · Neurogastroenterology and Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.14992 · Cited by 8
“Previous studies have indicated that poor sleep can also exacerbate pain and intensify existing pain conditions [36].”
Sex and Sleep Quality Effects on the Relationship Between Sleep Disruption and Pain Sensitivity
Joensen, E. D. R., Frederiksen, L., Frederiksen, S. V., Valeur, E. S., Giordano, R., Hertel, E., & Petersen, K. K. (2025) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70023 · Cited by 9
“…and Woolf 2009), which indicates that the current results reflect attenuated (Eichhorn et al. 2018; Simpson et al. 2018; Smith et al. 2019; Staffe et al. 2019), even though the effects are inconsistent across studies (Babiloni et al. 2020; Herrero Babiloni et al. 2024; Rouhi et al. 2023).”
InfluentialRhudy, J. L., Kell, P. A., Brown, T. V., Ventresca, H. M., Vore, C. N., Trevino, K. N., Jones, B. W., Lowe, T. S., & Shadlow, J. O. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003442 · Cited by 7
The Sleep-Reward-Pain Pathway Model: an Integrative Review
Reid, M. J., Climent‐Sanz, C., & Finan, P. H. (2022) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-022-00232-7 · Cited by 7
Olia, K., Goldstein, M. R., Engert, L. C., Besedovsky, L., Dang, R., Bertisch, S. M., Sethna, N. F., & Haack, M. (2025) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.4789 · Cited by 7
“…or sleep disturbance) (Hertel, McPhee, and Petersen 2023; Hijma et al. 2023; Kundermann et al. 2004; Matre et al. 2016; Onen et al. 2001; Roehrs et al. 2006; Schuh-Hofer et al. 2013; Simpson et al. 2018; Staffe et al. 2019; Tiede et al. 2010), but the modulation by sex has been largely neglected.”
Albzea, W., Almonayea, L., Aljassar, M., Atmeh, M., Sadder, K. A. A., Alqattan, Y., Alhajaji, R., AlNadwi, H., Alnami, I., & Alhajaji, F. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59061065 · Cited by 5
Datta, I., Erridge, S., Holvey, C., Coomber, R., Guru, R., Holden, W., Medniuk, A. D., Sajad, M., Searle, R. D., Usmani, A., et al. (2024) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.13438 · Cited by 5
Baets, L. D., Kuppens, K., Labie, C., Haik, M. N., Kapreli, E., Bilika, P., Struyf, F., Borms, D., Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Kosek, E., et al. (2025) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101240 · Cited by 5
“88 This suggests that different underlying mechanisms are responsible for altered pain modulation, and that these influential factors might need consideration in diagnostic criteria for pain phenotyping.”
Acute sleep deprivation induces hyperalgesia through P2X4-mediated microglial activation in mice
Huang, S., Cheng, W., Lai, P., Liu, X., Peng, S., Yang, X., & Du, X. (2025) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-025-03326-4 · Cited by 5
Hendriks, E. P., Coppieters, I., Voogt, L. P., Cools, W., & Ickmans, K. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13020482 · Cited by 5
“Temporal summation was assessed by the application of a series of short noxious stimuli, believed to represent the wind-up physiological phenomenon and interpreted as the gradual increase in pain sensitivity when continuously exposed to stimuli with a constant intensity [71,72].”
MethodMobasheri, A., Spring-Charles, A., Gamaleri, F. C., McSwan, J., Garg, M. L., & Sethi, V. S. (2024) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s432090 · Cited by 5
A simple, bed-side tool to assess evoked pressure pain intensity
Hostrup, S. N., O’Neill, S. F. D., Larsen, J. B., Arendt‐Nielsen, L., & Petersen, K. K. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2022-0055 · Cited by 7
Wieder, M. S., Szlechter, M., Fischman, N., Inker, S., Rusu, I., & Mbekeani, J. N. (2021) · Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina · doi:10.3928/23258160-20210819-02 · Cited by 5
Hijma, H. J., Koopmans, I. W., Klaassen, E. S., Doll, R. J., Zuiker, R. G. J. A., & Groeneveld, G. J. (2022) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.15505 · Cited by 6
Williams, J., Hum, R. M., Alam, U., & Zhao, S. S. (2024) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-024-05636-y · Cited by 6
“This facilitates spinal excitability and sensitisation of peripheral pathways to cold and pressure pain [25 ].”
Li, C., Ding, H., Zhang, L., Ma, C., Ma, C., Wen, H., & Zhao, X. (2025) · Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research · doi:10.1186/s13018-025-06157-5 · Cited by 4
“These findings underscore the importance of getting adequate sleep to maintaining the body’s natural pain inhibition processes and suggest that sleep therapy might help normalize pain sensitivity in individuals who experience sleep deprivation [41].”
Patient Sleep Quality in Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation
Davis, S. M., Mekany, M. A., Kim, J. J., & Han, J. J. (2021) · PM&R · doi:10.1002/pmrj.12550 · Cited by 4
“5 days (3-53) Impairment Group Code diagnosis Amputation 3”
BackgroundDomingues, F. S., Gayoso, M. V., Sikandar, S., da Silva, L. M., Fonseca, R. G., & de Barros, G. A. M. (2021) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.13042 · Cited by 4
“Sleeprelated outcomes should be evaluated in future studies as this may also be biologically linked to improvement in pain sensitization through functional activity of midbrain structures.(37) Other limitations of this study include the low number of male participants, and the low overall number of patients.”
BackgroundChang, J. R., Kwan, R. L., Sun, E. R., Li, S. X., Liang, P., Liu, J. Q., Zheng, D. K. Y., Zhou, Z., Huang, F. F.-Y., Samartzis, D., et al. (2025) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003591 · Cited by 4
Faust, L. J., Fortune, E., Jahanian, O., Oloyede, S. V., Trouard, C., Dixon, S., Torres, E., Sletten, C., & Scholten, P. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0319348 · Cited by 3
Olsen, M. L. S., Thorlund, J. B., Zachariae, R. H., Vach, W., Bendix, L., Jespersen, J. R., Kidmose, P., Parsons, C. E., Kidholm, K., & Vægter, H. B. (2025) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-025-09013-3 · Cited by 3
“One night with disturbed sleep has been found to reduce pain thresholds and impair the pain-inhibitory function in healthy individuals [4], and several population-based studies have demonstrated negative effects of insomnia on pain and found links between sleep disturbance and chronic…”
Pain Sensitization and Descending Pain Inhibition in Fibromyalgia
Garcia-Hernandez, A., de la Coba, P., Bruehl, S. P., Duschek, S., & del Paso, G. A. R. (2025) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000001327 · Cited by 4
Mais, S., & Smith, J. A. (2023) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2023/7336477 · Cited by 3
Wong, F. Y. K., Reddy, A., Rho, Y., Vollert, J., Strutton, P. H., & Hughes, S. (2023) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000001071 · Cited by 3
“The higher baseline TSP scores could be a result of cortical influences on descending pain modulation systems; day-to-day fluctuations in levels of sleep and cognitive and affective processing can exert top-down influences on spinally projecting pain modulation networks.(25,31) It is possible that by screening partici…”
BackgroundRasmussen, A. H., Petersen, L. K., Sperling, M. K., Bertelsen, M. M., Rathleff, M. S., & Petersen, K. K. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2023-0039 · Cited by 3
Aldabbas, M. M., & Alshana, O. N. (2025) · European Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1080/21679169.2025.2466041 · Cited by 3
“…to physiotherapy treatment plans in patients with ceh, especially when the psychosocial factors and symptoms of central sensitisation are present [43]. also, psychosocial factors such as anxiety and depression are well-established risk for the transition from acute to chronic pain, commonly seen…”
Kell, P. A., Huber, F. A., Street, E. N., Shadlow, J. O., & Rhudy, J. L. (2022) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaac034 · Cited by 3
Prevalence and Predictors of Leg Cramps in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abandeh, A., Sindiani, A., Nazzal, M. S., Almasri, N. A., Megdadi, A., Morris, L. D., Alshdaifat, E., & Kanaan, S. F. (2024) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s465872 · Cited by 2
“34 Therefore, there is a need to develop a practical guideline to evaluate and treat sleep disturbances in pregnant women.”
BackgroundRamsay, Z., Sharma, D., Wisdom‐Phipps, M., Chin, N., Campbell, L., Knight‐Madden, J., & Asnani, M. (2025) · Hemoglobin · doi:10.1080/03630269.2025.2489634 · Cited by 2
Bjurström, M. F., Bothelius, K., Maathz, P., Jernelöv, S., Kraepelien, M., Rosenström, A. H. C., Niklasson, A., Smith, M. T., Olmstead, R., Irwin, M. R., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-099785 · Cited by 2
Found in translation: orexin receptor antagonism for the treatment of opioid use disorder
Raymond, J. S., Vareed, R. D., Peters, J., & James, M. H. (2025) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-025-03571-5 · Cited by 2
“Clinical evidence also supports a bidirectional interaction between sleep and pain [122]; sleep disturbance can contribute to hyperalgesia [123 – 125] and sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in individuals experiencing chronic pain [126, 127].”
TUALANG HONEY MODULATED NOCICEPTIVE RESPONSES IN THE THALAMUS OF REM SLEEP DEPRIVATION RAT MODEL
Shafie, A. S. M., Aziz, C. B. A., Noordin, L., Long, I., Zin, A. A. M., & Siran, R. (2021) · Malaysian Applied Biology · doi:10.55230/mabjournal.v50i3.2216 · Cited by 2
“Patients with chronic pain syndromes often suffer from insomnia (Morin et al., 1998) and a report has demonstrated that healthy individuals with sleep deprivation had increased pain intensity (Staffe et al., 2019).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Staffe, A. T., Bech, M. W., Clemmensen, S. L. K., Nielsen, H. T., Larsen, D. B., & Petersen, K. K.
- Affiliations
- Aalborg University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Petersen, Kristian Kjær
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2019-12-04
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e0225849
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6892491
- OpenAlex
- W2991704716
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 9.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (DNRF121)
- Aalborg Universitet (771126)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- total sleep deprivation, pain sensitivity, conditioned pain modulation, temporal summation, descending pain modulation, thermal pain, pressure pain, cold pain, pain detection threshold, pain tolerance, spinal cord excitability, chronic pain, insomnia, sleep therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Denmark, Female, Humans, Male, Pain Measurement, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Thermosensing, Pain Threshold, Young Adult, Public Health Surveillance
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