Selective exposure shapes the Facebook news diet
Open accessAbstract
The social brain hypothesis approximates the total number of social relationships we are able to maintain at 150. Similar cognitive constraints emerge in several aspects of our daily life, from our mobility to the way we communicate, and might even affect the way we consume information online. Indeed, despite the unprecedented amount of information we can access online, our attention span still remains limited. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that online users are more likely to ignore dissenting information, choosing instead to interact with information adhering to their own point of view. In this paper, we quantitatively analyse users' attention economy in news consumption on social media by analysing 14 million users interacting with 583 news outlets (pages) on Facebook over a time span of six years. In particular, we explore how users distribute their activity across news pages and topics. On the one hand, we find that, independently of their activity, users show a tendency to follow a very limited number of pages. On the other hand, users tend to interact with almost all the topics presented by their favoured pages. Finally, we introduce a taxonomy accounting for users' behaviour to distinguish between patterns of selective exposure and interest. Our findings suggest that segregation of users in echo chambers might be an emerging effect of users' activity on social media and that selective exposure-i.e. the tendency of users to consume information adhering to their preferred narratives-could be a major driver in their consumption patterns.
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Self-citationYan, X., Wang, W., & Jiao, Y. (2025) · Electronic Commerce Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2025.101505 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Can Media Pluralism Be Harmful to News Quality?Preprint
Innocenti, F. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4257390 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zollo, S., Sangiorgio, E., Etta, G., Marco, N. D., Cinelli, M., Cerqueti, R., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2026) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2026.124668 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationHaqbeen, J. A., Sahab, S., & Itō, T. (2024) · Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research · doi:10.1145/3657054.3657093 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Fraxanet, E., Kaltenbrunner, A., Germano, F., & Gómez, V. (2025) · EPJ Data Science · doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00585-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Kmetty, Z., Íñiguez, G., & Omodei, E. (2025) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2025.2542725 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Online news ecosystem dynamics: supply, demand, diffusion, and the role of disinformation
Gravino, P., Prevedello, G., & Brugnoli, E. (2024) · Applied Network Science · doi:10.1007/s41109-024-00643-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationDecoding Political Polarization in Social Media Interactions
Pecile, G., Marco, N. D., Cinelli, M., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2025) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-82435-7_23 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationBardina, M., Vaganov, D. A., & Guleva, V. Y. (2020) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2020.11.018 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
News consumption and social media regulations policyPreprint
Etta, G., Cinelli, M., Galeazzi, A., Valensise, C. M., Conti, M., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2106.03924 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationMaulana, H. F., Rando, R., Hastuti, H., Zaitullah, L. O. M., & Ferizka, Z. Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2025.1710197 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Memory-driven responses to political food sourcing messages
Lee, R. H., Legendre, T. S., Maneethai, D., Back, K., & Wu, L. L. (2026) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-01-2025-0171 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Buturoiu, R., Corbu, N., & Boţan, M. (2023) · Springer studies in media and political communication · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-41954-6_1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
From Generality to Specificity: On Matter of Scale in Social Media Topic Communities
Vaganov, D. A., Bardina, M., & Guleva, V. Y. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50423-6_23 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Bayesian Social Platform for Inclusive and Evidence-Based Decision-Making
Devitt, S. K., Pearce, T. R., Chowdhury, A. K., & Mengersen, K. L. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780367808952-66 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Drifts and Shifts: Characterizing the Evolution of Users Interests on RedditPreprint
Valensise, C. M., Cinelli, M., Galeazzi, A., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1912.09210 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationLexical convergence and collective identities on FacebookPreprint
Brugnoli, E., Cinelli, M., Zollo, F., Quattrociocchi, W., & Antonio Scala, A. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1903.11452 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationInfodemics on Youtube: Reliability of Content and Echo Chambers on COVID-19Preprint
Marco, N. D., Cinelli, M., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.27101.33766 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationDlamini, P., & Mbatha, B. (2023) · Commonwealth Youth and Development · doi:10.25159/2663-6549/11496 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
McLean, K. C. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197764640.003.0003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Naim, H. M., & Sani, M. A. M. (2024) · Kajian Malaysia · doi:10.21315/km2024.42.s1.6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Choi, S. (2024) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448241240046 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Susceptibility of Young Chinese Users of Information Cocoon on the Xiaohongshu Platform
Sun, Y. (2024) · SHS Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/shsconf/202419903022 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Choi, S. (2025) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2025.2539295 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Winkler, J. R., & Appel, M. (2025) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2025.2545334 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A multilevel network approach to revealing patterns of online political selective exposure
Zhang, Y., Castro, L., Esser, F., & Bovet, A. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0332663 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Exploring the echo chamber concept
Bondi, M., & Sanna, L. (2022) · Discourse approaches to politics, society and culture · doi:10.1075/dapsac.98.07bon · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Buturoiu, R., Corbu, N., & Boţan, M. (2023) · Springer studies in media and political communication · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-41954-6_6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Let's Start from the Beginning: Understanding Audiences
Sutherland, K. E. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-9496-0_3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Berita Pakatan Harapan: Analisis Terhadap Tingkah Laku Pengguna Media Sosial
Malaya, U., Paidi, R., Hassan, A., & Malaya, U. (2021) · Jurnal Komunikasi Malaysian Journal of Communication · doi:10.17576/jkmjc-2021-3703-02 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Apps, Places and People: strategies, limitations and trade-offs in the physical and digital worldsPreprint
Nadai, M. D., Cardoso, Â., Lima, A., Lepri, B., & Oliver, N. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1904.09350 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Can Media Pluralism Be Harmful to News Quality?Preprint
Innocenti, F. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4866019 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Patterns, Models, and Challenges in Online Social Media: A SurveyPreprint
Marco, A. D., Bonetti, A., Martino, E. D., Loru, E., Nudo, J., Pandolfo, M. E., Pecile, G., Sangiorgio, E., Scalco, I., Zollo, S., et al. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5355426 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding individual behaviour: from virtual to physical patternsPreprint
Nadai, M. D., Lepri, B., & Oliver, N. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2002.05500
Information Consumption and Social Response in a Segregated Environment: the Case of GabPreprint
Etta, G., Galeazzi, A., Cinelli, M., Conti, M., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.02181
Self-citationLet’s Start from the Beginning: Understanding Audiences
Sutherland, K. E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-4658-7_3
DIGITALIZATION OF NEWS CONSUMPTION AND TRUST TOWARDS THE MEDIA
Hakobyan, A. (2021) · HUMANITIES OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA · doi:10.18522/2227-8656.2021.6.5
Measuring the Effect of Media Framing on Behavior Towards RefugeesPreprint
Walentek, D., Letki, N., Dinesen, P. T., & Liebe, U. (2022) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/y9tcu
Topic selectivity and adaptivity promote spreading of short messages
Bojarski, P. A., Suchecki, K., & Hołyst, J. A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19719-y
Partisan Selective Exposure on Social Media During the 2020 Presidential Election
Lemon, G. (2023) · Communication and Theater Association of Minnesota Journal · doi:10.56816/2471-0032.1158
Volume 46, 2023 Communication and Theater Association of Minnesota Journal
(2023) · Communication and Theater Association of Minnesota Journal · doi:10.56816/2471-0032.1154
McLean, K. C. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197764640.003.0007
Our Scientific Responsibility for Change
McLean, K. C. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197764640.003.0008
Transgressions as an Opportunity for Change?
McLean, K. C. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197764640.003.0006
McLean, K. C. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197764640.003.0001
- Authors
- Cinelli, M., Brugnoli, E., Schmidt, A. L., Zollo, F., Quattrociocchi, W., & Scala, A.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Complex Systems (IT)
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Cinelli, Matteo
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2020-03-13
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e0229129
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7069632
- OpenAlex
- W3012266030
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 18.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- ARCA (Università Ca' Foscari Venezia) (submittedVersion)
- CNR ExploRA (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Influence and Politics
- Keywords
- selective exposure, Facebook, news consumption, echo chambers, social media, attention economy, user behavior, information segregation, social brain hypothesis, online information seeking
- MeSH terms
- Peer Influence, Attention, Communication, Educational Status, Humans, Deception, Models, Statistical, Occupational Exposure, Information Dissemination, Narration, Social Networking, Social Media
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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