The citation advantage of linking publications to research data
Open accessAbstract
Efforts to make research results open and reproducible are increasingly reflected by journal policies encouraging or mandating authors to provide data availability statements. As a consequence of this, there has been a strong uptake of data availability statements in recent literature. Nevertheless, it is still unclear what proportion of these statements actually contain well-formed links to data, for example via a URL or permanent identifier, and if there is an added value in providing such links. We consider 531, 889 journal articles published by PLOS and BMC, develop an automatic system for labelling their data availability statements according to four categories based on their content and the type of data availability they display, and finally analyze the citation advantage of different statement categories via regression. We find that, following mandated publisher policies, data availability statements become very common. In 2018 93.7% of 21,793 PLOS articles and 88.2% of 31,956 BMC articles had data availability statements. Data availability statements containing a link to data in a repository-rather than being available on request or included as supporting information files-are a fraction of the total. In 2017 and 2018, 20.8% of PLOS publications and 12.2% of BMC publications provided DAS containing a link to data in a repository. We also find an association between articles that include statements that link to data in a repository and up to 25.36% (± 1.07%) higher citation impact on average, using a citation prediction model. We discuss the potential implications of these results for authors (researchers) and journal publishers who make the effort of sharing their data in repositories. All our data and code are made available in order to reproduce and extend our results.
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Data sharing is associated with an increased number of citations.
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From SPIRIT 2025 explanation and elaboration: updated guideline for protocols of randomised trials (2025) · cites this paper as [88]
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A hydrologist's guide to open science
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Jenkins, T., Persaud, B., Cowger, W., Szigeti, K., Roche, D. G., Clary, E., Slowinski, S., Lei, B., Abeynayaka, A., Nyadjro, E. S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.912107 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Journals’ instructions to authors: A cross-sectional study across scientific disciplines
Malički, M., Aalbersberg, I. J., Bouter, L., & ter Riet, G. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222157 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Creating clear and informative image-based figures for scientific publications
Jambor, H. K., Antonietti, A., Alicea, B., Audisio, T. L., Auer, S., Bhardwaj, V., Burgess, S., Ferling, I., Gazda, M. A., Hoeppner, L. H., et al. (2021) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001161 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Open Hardware in Science: The Benefits of Open Electronics
Oellermann, M., Jolles, J. W., Ortiz, D., Seabra, R., Wenzel, T., Wilson, H., & Tanner, R. L. (2022) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icac043 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Pontika, N., Klebel, T., Correia, A., Metzler, H., Knoth, P., & Ross‐Hellauer, T. (2022) · Quantitative Science Studies · doi:10.1162/qss_a_00224 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Crüwell, S., Apthorp, D., Baker, B. J., Colling, L., Elson, M., Geiger, S. J., Lobentanzer, S., Monéger, J., Patterson, A., Schwarzkopf, D. S., et al. (2023) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09567976221140828 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Page, M. J., Nguyen, P., Hamilton, D. G., Haddaway, N., Kanukula, R., Moher, D., & McKenzie, J. E. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.03.003 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Takahashi, M., Frøslev, T. G., Paupério, J., Thalinger, B., Klymus, K. E., Helbing, C. C., Villacorta‐Rath, C., Silliman, K., Thompson, L., Jungbluth, S. P., et al. (2025) · Environmental DNA · doi:10.1002/edn3.70100 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
A brief guide to the science and art of writing manuscripts in biomedicine
Forero, D. A., López‐León, S., & Perry, G. L. (2020) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02596-2 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Data sharing and reuse practices: disciplinary differences and improvements needed
Khan, N., Thelwall, M. A., & Kousha, K. (2023) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-08-2021-0423 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Data Sharing in Education Science
Logan, J. A. R., Hart, S. A., & Schatschneider, C. W. (2021) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/23328584211006475 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Reproducible research practices and transparency across linguistics
Bochyńska, A., Keeble, L., Halfacre, C. A. E., Casillas, J. V., Champagne, I.-A., Chen, K., Röthlisberger, M., Buchanan, E. M., & Roettger, T. B. (2023) · Glossa Psycholinguistics · doi:10.5070/g6011239 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
ODDPub – a Text-Mining Algorithm to Detect Data Sharing in Biomedical Publications
Riedel, N., Kip, M., & Bobrov, E. (2020) · Data Science Journal · doi:10.5334/dsj-2020-042 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Data management and sharing: Practices and perceptions of psychology researchers
Borghi, J., & Gulick, A. E. V. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252047 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Cole, N. L., Reichmann, S., & Ross‐Hellauer, T. (2023) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.221460 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Uhlrich, S. D., Uchida, T. K., Lee, M. R., & Delp, S. L. (2023) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111623 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Soeharjono, S., & Roche, D. G. (2021) · BioScience · doi:10.1093/biosci/biab024 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Deep Impact: A Study on the Impact of Data Papers and Datasets in the Humanities and Social Sciences
McGillivray, B. C., Marongiu, P., Pedrazzini, N., Ribary, M., Wigdorowitz, M., & Zordan, E. (2022) · Publications · doi:10.3390/publications10040039 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationAn analysis of the effects of sharing research data, code, and preprints on citations
Colavizza, G., Cadwallader, L., LaFlamme, M., Dozot, G., Lecorney, S., Rappo, D., & Hrynaszkiewicz, I. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0311493 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationToward Open and Reproducible Epidemiology
Mathur, M. B., & Fox, M. P. (2023) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwad007 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Foundational Practices of Research Data Management
Briney, K. A., Coates, H., & Goben, A. H. (2020) · Research Ideas and Outcomes · doi:10.3897/rio.6.e56508 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ten simple rules for improving research data discovery
Contaxis, N., Clark, J. A., Dellureficio, A. J., Gonzales, S., Mannheimer, S., Oxley, P. R., Ratajeski, M. A., Surkis, A., Yarnell, A., Yee, M., et al. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009768 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Publishers’ Responsibilities in Promoting Data Quality and Reproducibility
Hrynaszkiewicz, I. (2019) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2019_290 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationHarvesting metadata in clinical care: a crosswalk between FHIR, OMOP, CDISC and openEHR metadata
Bönisch, C., Kesztyüs, D., & Kesztyüs, T. (2022) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-022-01792-7 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
McGuinness, L. A., & Sheppard, A. L. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250887 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Long-term availability of data associated with articles in PLOS ONE
Federer, L. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272845 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
A Survey of Researchers’ Needs and Priorities for Data Sharing
Hrynaszkiewicz, I., Harney, J., & Cadwallader, L. (2021) · Data Science Journal · doi:10.5334/dsj-2021-031 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationData sharing in biological anthropology
Mulligan, C. J., Boyer, D., Turner, T. R., Delson, E., & Leonard, W. R. (2022) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24499 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Olisah, C., Adeola, A. O., Iwuozor, K. O., Akpomie, K. G., Conradie, J., Adegoke, K. A., Oyedotun, K. O., Ighalo, J. O., & Amaku, J. F. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136371 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Anger, M., Wendelborn, C., Winkler, E. C., & Schickhardt, C. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273259 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Resources for Turkish natural language processing: A critical survey
Çöltekin, Ç., Doğruöz, A. S., & Çetinoğlu, Ö. (2022) · Language Resources and Evaluation · doi:10.1007/s10579-022-09605-4 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Cadwallader, L., & Hrynaszkiewicz, I. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.13933 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationStewart, S., Pennington, C. R., Silva, G., Ballou, N., Butler, J. E., Dienes, Z. P., Jay, C., Rossit, S., Samara, A., & U. K. Reproducibility Network (UKRN) Local Network Leads (2022) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-022-05949-w · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Why don’t we share data and code? Perceived barriers and benefits to public archiving practicesPreprint
Gomes, D. G. E., Pottier, P., Crystal‐Ornelas, R., Hudgins, E. J., Foroughirad, V., Sánchez‐Reyes, L. L., Turba, R., Martinez, P. A., Moreau, D., Bertram, M. G., et al. (2022) · doi:10.31222/osf.io/gaj43 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Dorta–González, P., González-Betancor, S. M., & Dorta-González, M. I. (2021) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-021-03869-3 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The academic impact of Open Science: a scoping review
Klebel, T., Traag, V., Grypari, I., Stoy, L., & Ross‐Hellauer, T. (2025) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.241248 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The impact of institutional repositories: a systematic review
Demetres, M. R., Delgado, D., & Wright, D. (2020) · Journal of the Medical Library Association JMLA · doi:10.5195/jmla.2020.856 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Beyond advertising: New infrastructures for publishing integrated research objects
DuPré, E., Holdgraf, C., Karakuzu, A., Tetrel, L., Bellec, P., Stikov, N., & Poline, J. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009651 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Building a FAIR image data ecosystem for microscopy communities
Kemmer, I., Keppler, A., Serrano‐Solano, B., Rybina, A., Özdemir, B., Bischof, J., Ghadraoui, A. E., Eriksson, J., & Mathur, A. (2023) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-023-02203-7 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Author name disambiguation literature review with consolidated meta-analytic approach
Rodrigues, N. S., Mariano, A. M., & Ralha, C. G. (2024) · International Journal on Digital Libraries · doi:10.1007/s00799-024-00398-1 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Tracing the Adoption and Effects of Open Science in Communication Research*
Markowitz, D. M., Song, H., & Taylor, S. H. (2021) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/jqab030 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Schulz, R., Langen, G., Prill, R., Cassel, M., & Weissgerber, T. L. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059347 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Tracing data: A survey investigating disciplinary differences in data citation
Gregory, K., Ninkov, A., Ripp, C., Roblin, E., Peters, I., & Haustein, S. (2023) · Quantitative Science Studies · doi:10.1162/qss_a_00264 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Forero, D. A., Curioso, W. H., & Patrinos, G. P. (2021) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-021-05817-z · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Toward open science in marketing research
Deer, L., Adler, S. J., Datta, H., Mizik, N., & Sarstedt, M. (2024) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.12.005 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Sharing GWAS summary statistics results in more citations
Reales, G., & Wallace, C. (2023) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04497-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Does open data boost journal impact: evidence from Chinese economics
Zhang, L., & Ma, L. (2021) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-021-03897-z · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Impact of the Protein Data Bank Across Scientific Disciplines
Feng, Z., Verdiguel, N., Costanzo, L. D., Goodsell, D. S., Westbrook, J., Burley, S. K., & Zardecki, C. (2020) · Data Science Journal · doi:10.5334/dsj-2020-025 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Open Data Practices among Users of Primary Biodiversity Data
Mandeville, C. P., Koch, W., Nilsen, E. B., & Finstad, A. G. (2021) · BioScience · doi:10.1093/biosci/biab072 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The data‐index: An author‐level metric that values impactful data and incentivizes data sharing
Hood, A. S. C., & Sutherland, W. J. (2021) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.8126 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
OASIS: one resource to widen the reach of research in language studies
Alferink, I., & Marsden, E. J. (2023) · Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.1080/17501229.2023.2204100 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Open science in agricultural economics
Finger, R., Henningsen, A., Höhler, J., Huber, R., Rommel, J., & Grebitus, C. (2024) · Q Open · doi:10.1093/qopen/qoae029 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ten simple rules for maximizing the recommendations of the NIH data management and sharing plan
Gonzales, S., Carson, M. B., & Holmes, K. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010397 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
How communication scholars see open scholarship
Bowman, N. D., Rinke, E. M., Lee, E. J., Nabi, R. L., & de Vreese, C. H. (2022) · Annals of the International Communication Association · doi:10.1080/23808985.2022.2108880 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Open Science Practices in Gambling Research Publications (2016–2019): A Scoping Review
Louderback, E. R., Gainsbury, S., Heirene, R. M., Amichia, K., Grossman, A., Bernhard, B. J., & LaPlante, D. A. (2022) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-022-10120-y · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ma, J., Ebeid, I. A., de Wit, A., Meiying, X., Yang, Y., Bekkers, R., & Wiepking, P. (2021) · VOLUNTAS International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations · doi:10.1007/s11266-021-00414-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Implementing an Open & FAIR data sharing policy—A case study in the earth and environmental sciences
Cannon, M., Kelly, A., & Freeman, C. (2022) · Learned Publishing · doi:10.1002/leap.1442 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Eben, C., Bőthe, B., Brevers, D., Clark, L., Grubbs, J. B., Heirene, R. M., Kräplin, A., Lewczuk, K., Palmer, L., Perales, J. C., et al. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2023.00052 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Why sharing data and code during peer review can enhance behavioral ecology research
Fernández‐Juricic, E. (2021) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-021-03036-x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ensuring Prevention Science Research is Synthesis-Ready for Immediate and Lasting Scientific Impact
Hennessy, E. A., Acabchuk, R. L., Arnold, P. A., Dunn, A. G., Foo, Y. Z., Johnson, B. T., Geange, S. R., Haddaway, N., Nakagawa, S., Mapanga, W., et al. (2021) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-021-01279-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Status of underutilized crop production: Its potentials for mitigating food insecurity
Adelabu, D. B., & Franke, A. C. (2023) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.1002/agj2.21410 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Open Science: A Review of Its Effectiveness and Implications for Service Research
Vaerenbergh, Y. V., Hazée, S., & Zwienenberg, T. J. (2025) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/10946705251338461 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Perceptions regarding open science appraised by editors of scholarly publications published in Spain
Melero, R., Bóte-Vericad, J.-J., & López‐Borrull, A. (2022) · Learned Publishing · doi:10.1002/leap.1511 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Poger, D., Yen, L., & Braet, F. (2023) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-023-02191-8 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Smith, J. A., Raja, N. B., Clements, T., Dimitrijević, D., Dowding, E. M., Dunne, E. M., Gee, B. M., Godoy, P. L., Lombardi, E. M., Mulvey, L. P. A., et al. (2023) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/pab.2023.33 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
5.6 Publikation und Zitierung von digitalen Forschungsdaten
Pampel, H., & Elger, K. (2021) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110657807-028 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Rousi, A. M. (2022) · Journal of Librarianship and Information Science · doi:10.1177/09610006221093049 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dogra, P., & Parrey, A. H. (2022) · Kybernetes · doi:10.1108/k-09-2022-1348 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
What senior academics can do to support reproducible and open research: a short, three-step guide
Kowalczyk, O. S., Lautarescu, A., Blok, E., Dall’Aglio, L., & Westwood, S. J. (2022) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-022-05999-0 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bernard, R., Weissgerber, T. L., Bobrov, E., Winham, S. J., Dirnagl, U., & Riedel, N. (2020) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20201125 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A practical guide to bioimaging research data management in core facilities
Schmidt, C., Boissonnet, T., Dohle, J., Bernhardt, K., Ferrando‐May, E., Wernet, T., Nitschke, R., Kunis, S., & Weidtkamp‐Peters, S. (2024) · Journal of Microscopy · doi:10.1111/jmi.13317 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Are data repositories fettered? A survey of current practices, challenges and future technologies
Khan, N., Thelwall, M. A., & Kousha, K. (2021) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-04-2021-0204 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A bibliometric analysis on intended and actual turnover in higher education
Rahman, M. S., Som, H. M., Rahman, M. H. A., & Karim, D. N. (2024) · Higher Education Quarterly · doi:10.1111/hequ.12564 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Reporting In Vitro Experiments Responsibly – the RIVER RecommendationsPreprint
The RIVER working group (2023) · doi:10.31222/osf.io/x6aut · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Challenges in building scholarly knowledge graphs for research assessment in open science
Manghi, P. (2024) · Quantitative Science Studies · doi:10.1162/qss_a_00322 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
From Integrity to Inflation: Ethical and Unethical Citation Practices in Academic Publishing
Plevris, V. (2025) · Journal of Academic Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10805-025-09631-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Aspiroz, L. S., Mennecozzi, M., Batlle‐Morera, L., Corneo, B., Healy, L. E., Kotter, M., Kurtz, A., Ludwig, T. E., Mummery, C. L., Pera, M. F., et al. (2025) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2025.102531 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Open Access, Scholarly Communication, and Open Science in Psychology: An Overview for Researchers
Mullen, L. B. (2024) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440231205390 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Chinese Open Science Network (COSN): Building an Open Science Community From Scratch
Jin, H., Wang, Q., Yang, Y., Zhang, H., Gao, M. M., Jin, S., Chen, Y., Xu, T., Zheng, Y.-R., Ji, C., et al. (2023) · Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/25152459221144986 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Tracing the Adoption and Effects of Open Science in Communication ResearchPreprint
Markowitz, D. M., Song, H., & Taylor, S. H. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/dsf67 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A practical guide to data management and sharing for biomedical laboratory researchers
Fouad, K., Vavrek, R., Surles-Zeigler, M. C., Huie, J. R., Radabaugh, H. L., Gurkoff, G. G., Visser, U., Grethe, J. S., Martone, M. E., Ferguson, A. R., et al. (2024) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114815 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Tincani, M., Gilroy, S. P., & Dowdy, A. (2024) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1002/jaba.2909 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Open access improves the dissemination of science: insights from Wikipedia
Yang, P., Shoaib, A., West, R., & Colavizza, G. (2024) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-024-05163-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationLaws, E., Palmer, J., Alderman, J. E., Sharma, O., Ngai, V., Salisbury, T., Hussain, G., Ahmed, S., Sachdeva, G. S., Vadera, S., et al. (2024) · Clinical Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2024.110369 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bornmann, L., Guns, R., Thelwall, M. A., & Wolfram, D. (2021) · Quantitative Science Studies · doi:10.1162/qss_e_00121 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Open science practices in criminology and criminal justice journals
Greenspan, R. L., Baggett, L., & Boutwell, B. B. (2024) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-024-09640-x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Wang, P., Loignon, A. C., Shrestha, S., Banks, G. C., & Oswald, F. L. (2024) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-024-09997-w · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Colavizza, G., Hrynaszkiewicz, I., Staden, I., Whitaker, K., & McGillivray, B.
- Affiliations
- The Alan Turing Institute (GB)
- Springer Nature (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- McGillivray, Barbara
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2020-04-22
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e0230416
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7176083
- OpenAlex
- W2955244474
- Cited by
- 335
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 7 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 48.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Apollo (cc-by)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/N510129/1)
- Macmillan Education Ltd (RG92108)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Research Data Management Practices
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Academic Publishing and Open Access
- Keywords
- data availability statements, research data repositories, citation advantage, open science, reproducibility, PLOS, BMC, citation impact, data sharing
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Information Services, Publications, Research, Journal Impact Factor, Knowledge Discovery
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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