TIM, a targeted insertional mutagenesis method utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
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Generation and subsequent analysis of mutants is critical to understanding the functions of genes and proteins. Here we describe TIM, an efficient, cost-effective, CRISPR-based targeted insertional mutagenesis method for the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. TIM utilizes delivery into the cell of a Cas9-guide RNA (gRNA) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) together with exogenous double-stranded (donor) DNA. The donor DNA contains gene-specific homology arms and an integral antibiotic-resistance gene that inserts at the double-stranded break generated by Cas9. After optimizing multiple parameters of this method, we were able to generate mutants for six out of six different genes in two different cell-walled strains with mutation efficiencies ranging from 40% to 95%. Furthermore, these high efficiencies allowed simultaneous targeting of two separate genes in a single experiment. TIM is flexible with regard to many parameters and can be carried out using either electroporation or the glass-bead method for delivery of the RNP and donor DNA. TIM achieves a far higher mutation rate than any previously reported for CRISPR-based methods in C. reinhardtii and promises to be effective for many, if not all, non-essential nuclear genes.
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Algal strains such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Synechocystis sp. have been modified to improve resistance to environmental stressors and boost growth rates by manipulating pathways involved in light harvesting.
“Algal strains such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Synechocystis sp. have been modified to improve resistance to environmental stressors and boost growth rates by manipulating pathways involved in light harvesting [119-123].”
From A Review of Algae-Based Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (Algae-Based CCUS) (2024) · cites this paper as [120]
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- Authors
- Picariello, T., Hou, Y., Kubo, T., McNeill, N. A., Yanagisawa, H.-A., Oda, T., & Witman, G. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- University of Yamanashi (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Witman, George B.
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2020-05-13
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e0232594
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7219734
- OpenAlex
- W3024267519
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 3.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship@UMassChan (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R37 GM030626 R35 GM122574)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Keywords
- CRISPR/Cas9, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, homology-directed repair, antibiotic resistance markers, electroporation, mutation efficiency
- MeSH terms
- Gene Editing, RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems, DNA, Mutagenesis, Insertional, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, RNA, Guide, Kinetoplastida, CRISPR-Cas Systems
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