Presence of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 plasma
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Background: Neutralizing-antibody (nAb) is the major focus of most ongoing COVID-19 vaccine trials. However, nAb response against SARS-CoV-2, when present, decays rapidly. Given the myriad roles of antibodies in immune responses, it is possible that antibodies could also mediate protection against SARS-CoV-2 via effector mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), which we sought to explore here. Methods: Plasma of 3 uninfected controls and 20 subjects exposed to, or recovering from, SARS-CoV-2 infection were collected from U.S. and sub-Saharan Africa. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in the plasma samples. SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing capability of these plasmas was assessed with SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus. ADCC activity was assessed with a calcein release assay. Results: SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies were detected in all COVID-19 subjects studied. All but three COVID-19 subjects contained nAb at high potency (>80% neutralization). Plasma from 19/20 of COVID-19 subjects also demonstrated strong ADCC activity against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, including two individuals without nAb against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: Both neutralizing and non-neutralizing COVID-19 plasmas can mediate ADCC. Our findings argue that evaluation of potential vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 should include investigation of the magnitude and durability of ADCC, in addition to nAb.
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ADCC-mediating antibodies have been detected in plasma of COVID-19 convalescent donors.
“ADCC-mediating antibodies have been detected in plasma of COVID-19 convalescent donors (16, 67, 68).”
From SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern partially escape humoral but not T cell responses in COVID-19 convalescent donors and vaccine recipients (2021) · cites this paper as [16]
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A bivalent form of a RBD-specific synthetic antibody effectively neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants
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The biology of neutralizing antibody therapy with REGEN-COV
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- Authors
- Tso, F. Y., Lidenge, S. J., Poppe, L. K., Peña, P. B., Privatt, S. R., Bennett, S. J., Ngowi, J. R., Mwaiselage, J., Belshan, M., Siedlik, J. A., Raine, M. A., Ochoa, J. B., Garcia-Diaz, J., Nossaman, B., Buckner, L., Roberts, W. M., Dean, M. J., Ochoa, A. C., West, J. T., & Wood, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute (TZ)
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (TZ)
- Creighton University (US)
- Ochsner Medical Center (US)
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wood, Charles
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2021-03-04
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e0247640
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7932539
- OpenAlex
- W3133805672
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 10
- FWCI
- 4.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (U54 CA190155)
- Fogarty International Center (K43TW011418, D43 TW010354)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (T32 AI125207)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20 GM103427)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Keywords
- antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, neutralizing antibodies, non-neutralizing antibodies, IgG, spike protein, humoral immunity, vaccine evaluation, antibody persistence
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Viral, Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Antibodies, Neutralizing, HEK293 Cells, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
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