Stable long-term individual differences in 50-kHz vocalization rate and call subtype prevalence in adult male rats: Comparisons with sucrose preference.

Sundarakrishnan, Adithi; Clarke, Paul B. S.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276743

Cited by 12Animal Vocal Communication and BehaviorNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorStress Responses and Cortisol

Stable long-term individual differences in 50-kHz vocalization rate and call subtype prevalence in adult male rats: Comparisons with sucrose preference.

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Sundarakrishnan, Adithi, Clarke, Paul B. S.·2022·PLOS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0276743PMC PMC9612506

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Abstract

Sucrose preference (SP) is a widely used measure of anhedonia in rat models of depression, yet depressed patients do not reliably show an analogous deficit. As an alternative affect-related measure, adult rat ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are attracting interest, but it is unclear whether SP and USVs provide independent measures. Here, we have assessed whether SP and USV emission are correlated in the absence of a depressogenic procedure. To this end, 24 male Long-Evans rats were tested daily for 24 days, with alternating SP tests and USV recordings; after a 3-month hiatus, USV emission was re-evaluated for 6 more days. SP was measured in simultaneous two-bottle choice tests, and USVs were recorded in an open field. The main measures were: SP, 50-kHz call rate, and relative prevalence of trill and flat call subtypes. These measures showed temporally-stable individual differences across the initial 24-day testing period, and at the 3-month USV follow-up tests. Correlational analysis revealed no significant relationships between SP and the three main USV measures. Rats differed consistently, not only in their 50-kHz call rates but also in their 50-kHz call profiles (i.e., the relative prevalence of 14 call subtypes); most rats preferentially emitted either trill or flat calls. Several inter-call subtype associations were detected, including a strong negative relationship between the relative prevalence of flat and trill calls. The 50-kHz call rate was correlated with the relative prevalence of only one call subtype (short calls, negative correlation), but was positively correlated with absolute emission rates for almost all subtypes. In conclusion, adult rats exhibited temporally-stable individual differences over weeks (SP) or months (USVs) of testing. This trait-like stability helped to reveal a lack of relationship between SP and the USV-related variables under study, suggesting that these measures may capture different constructs of possible relevance to animal models of depression.

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The literature suggests that individual rats vary consistently in their USV production although most studies use adult male rats.
“Generally, the literature suggests that individual rats vary consistently in their USV production although most studies use adult male rats (e.g., Ahrens et al., 2013; Sundarakrishnan & Clarke, 2022).”
From Stage 2 Registered Report: Refinement of tickling protocols to improve positive animal welfare in laboratory rats (2025) · cites this paper as Sundarakrishnan & Clarke, 2022
The Introduction (page unavailable) reports temporally stable individual differences in 50-kHz calling, and the Results describe such differences in this study. The Subjects and Strengths and limitations sections say this study used adult male rats, but our copy does not establish that most studies used adult males. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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“Subtype predominance does not appear to have been reported previously under non-evoked conditions, except in a preliminary (4-rat) study in which flat and short calls were prevalent [52].”
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[62]Sills TL, & Vaccarino F. J. Individual differences in sugar intake predict the locomotor response to acute and repeated amphetamine administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994; 116(1): 1– 8. 7862920

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Banjac, A. (2026) · Repository of the University of Ljubljana (University of Ljubljana)
Ultrasonic vocalisations in the Flinders Sensitive Line rat, a genetic animal model of depression
Kai, L. M., Iglesias, L. P., Kõiv, K., Harro, J., & Wegener, G. (2025) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2024.61 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Authors: Sundarakrishnan, A., & Clarke, P. B. S.
Affiliations: McGill University (CA)
Corresponding author: Clarke, Paul B. S.
ORCID: Sundarakrishnan, Adithi
Clarke, Paul B. S.
Venue: PLOS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2022-10-27
Volume: 17
Issue: 10
Pages: e0276743
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276743
PMC: PMC9612506
OpenAlex: W4307441661
Cited by: 12
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2
FWCI: 2.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (15505)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology › Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: ultrasonic vocalizations, 50-kHz calls, sucrose preference, anhedonia, depression model, individual differences, temporal stability, Long-Evans rats, affective measures
MeSH terms: Animals, Individuality, Male, Sucrose, Ultrasonics, Vocalization, Animal, Prevalence, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats

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Stable long-term individual differences in 50-kHz vocalization rate and call subtype prevalence in adult male rats: Comparisons with sucrose preference.

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