Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 264

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The economic burden of antibiotic resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Open access
Poudel, Ak Narayan, Zhu, Shihua, Cooper, Nicola, Little, Paul, Tarrant, Carolyn, Hickman, Matthew, Yao, Guiqing·2023·PLOS ONE

Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) has substantial global public health concerns. This systematic review aimed to synthesise recent evidence estimating the economic burden of ABR, characterised by study perspectives, healthcare settings, study design, and income of the countries. Methods: This systematic review included peer-reviewed articles from PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases, and grey literature on the topic of the economic burden of ABR, published between January 2016 and December 2021. The study was reported in line with ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’ (PRISMA). Two reviewers independently screened papers for inclusion first by title, then abstract, and then the full text. Study quality was assessed using appropriate quality assessment tools. Narrative synthesis and meta-analyses of the included studies were conducted. Results: A total of 29 studies were included in this review. Out of these studies, 69% (20/29) were conducted in high-income economies and the remainder were conducted in upper-and-middle income economies. Most of the studies were conducted from a healthcare or hospital perspective (89.6%, 26/29) and 44.8% (13/29) studies were conducted in tertiary care settings. The available evidence indicates that the attributable cost of resistant infection ranges from -US$2,371.4 to +US$29,289.1 (adjusted for 2020 price) per patient episode; the mean excess length of stay (LoS) is 7.4 days (95% CI: 3.4–11.4), the odds ratios of mortality for resistant infection is 1.844 (95% CI: 1.187–2.865) and readmission is 1.492 (95% CI: 1.231–1.807). Conclusion: Recent publications show that the burden of ABR is substantial. There is still a lack of studies on the economic burden of ABR from low-income economies, and lower-middle-income economies, from a societal perspective, and in relation to primary care. The findings of this review may be of value to researchers, policymakers, clinicians, and those who are working in the field of ABR and health promotion. Systematic review registration: CRD42020193886

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1371/journal.pone.0285170

Cites

56 of 56 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 56 references

Cited by

See all 264

Metadata

Authors
Poudel, A. N., Zhu, S., Cooper, N., Little, P., Tarrant, C., Hickman, M., & Yao, G.
Venue
PLOS ONE
Published
2023-05-08
Volume
18
Issue
5
Pages
e0285170
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4375956009
Cited by
264
References
56
FWCI
7.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The economic burden of antibiotic resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1371/journal.pone.0285170
The paper
Poudel, A. N., Zhu, S., Cooper, N., Little, P., Tarrant, C., Hickman, M., & Yao, G. (2023). The economic burden of antibiotic resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285170

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.