Knowledge, attitude and practice among pharmacy students and faculty members towards artificial intelligence in pharmacy practice: A multinational cross-sectional study
Open accessAbstract
Background: Modern patient care depends on the continuous improvement of community and clinical pharmacy services, and artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to play a key role in this evolution. Although AI has been increasingly implemented in various fields of pharmacy, little is known about the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of pharmacy students and faculty members towards this technology. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the KAP of pharmacy students and faculty members regarding AI in six countries in the Middle East as well as to identify the predictive factors behind the understanding of the principles and practical applications of AI in healthcare processes. Material and methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. A total of 875 pharmacy students and faculty members in the faculty of pharmacy in Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Libya participated in the study. Data was collected through an online electronic questionnaire. The data collected included information about socio-demographics, understanding of AI basic principles, participants’ attitudes toward AI, the participants’ AI practices. Results: Most participants (92.6%) reported having heard of AI technology in their practice, but only a small proportion (39.5%) had a good understanding of its concepts. The overall level of knowledge about AI among the study participants was moderate, with the mean knowledge score being 42.3 ± 21.8 out of 100 and students having a significantly higher knowledge score than faculty members. The attitude towards AI among pharmacy students and faculty members was positive, but there were still concerns about the impact of AI on job security and patient safety. Pharmacy students and faculty members had limited experience using AI tools in their practice. The majority of respondents (96.2%) believed that AI could improve patient care and pharmacy services. However, only a minority (18.6%) reported having received education or training on AI technology. High income, a strong educational level and background, and previous experience with technologies were predictors of KAP toward using AI in pharmacy practice. Finally, there was a positive correlation between knowledge about AI and attitudes towards AI as well as a significant positive correlation between AI knowledge and overall KAP scores. Conclusion: The findings suggest that while there is a growing awareness of AI technology among pharmacy professionals in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, there are still significant gaps in understanding and adopting AI in pharmacy Practice.
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Technology awareness is positively correlated with the use of GenAI tools.
“Studies found that technology awareness was positively correlated with the use of GenAI tools (Ahmad et al., 2024; Gaber et al., 2023; Hasan et al., 2024)”
From Planets, cars, and personas: Toward an understanding of faculty perceptions of artificial intelligence through visual metaphors and projective techniques (2025) · cites this paper as Hasan et al., 2024
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports a positive correlation between AI knowledge and attitudes toward AI, and between AI knowledge and overall knowledge–attitude–practice scores among pharmacy students and faculty. It does not establish a correlation with actual tool use specifically, nor does it examine generative AI tools as a distinct category. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Hasan, H. E., Jaber, D., Al Tabbah, S., Lawand, N., Habib, H. A., & Farahat, N. M.
- Affiliations
- Zarqa University (JO)
- Beirut Arab University (LB)
- University of Benghazi (LY)
- Alexandria University (EG)
- Corresponding author
- Hasan, Hisham E.
- Jaber, Deema
- Lawand, Nabih
- Habib, Hana A.
- Farahat, Noureldin M.
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2024-03-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e0296884
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10906880
- OpenAlex
- W4392361641
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 14 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 7.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2025-11-13)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacy and Medical Practices
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence, pharmacy practice, knowledge, attitudes and practices, pharmacy students, pharmacy faculty, artificial intelligence adoption, AI education and training, job security concerns, patient safety, Middle East and North Africa
- MeSH terms
- Artificial Intelligence, Attitude of Health Personnel, Cross-Sectional Studies, Faculty, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Lebanon, Pharmaceutical Services, Pharmacy, Students, Pharmacy
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