Ethical and Legal Challenges of Artificial Intelligence-Driven Healthcare
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This chapter will map the ethical and legal challenges posed by artificial intelligence (AI) in health care and suggest directions for resolving them. Section 1 will briefly clarify what AI is and Section 2 will give an idea of the trends and strategies in the United States (U.S.) and Europe, thereby tailoring the discussion to the ethical and legal debate of AI-driven health care. This will be followed in Section 3 by a discussion of four primary ethical challenges, namely: (1) informed consent to use, (2) safety and transparency, (3) algorithmic fairness and biases, and (4) data privacy. Section 4 will then analyze five legal challenges in the U.S. and Europe: (1) safety and effectiveness, (2) liability, (3) data protection and privacy, (4) cybersecurity, and (5) intellectual property law. Finally, Section 5 will summarize the major conclusions and especially emphasize the importance of building an AI-driven health care system that is successful and promotes trust and the motto “Health AIs for All of Us”.
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Four primary ethical challenges need to be addressed to realize the full potential of AI in health care: informed consent to use, safety and transparency, algorithmic fairness and biases, and data privacy.
“Gerke et al [92] have discussed four primary ethical challenges that need to be addressed to realize the full potential of AI in health care: (1) informed consent to use, (2) safety and transparency, (3) algorithmic fairness and biases, and (4) data privacy.”
From Barriers to and facilitators of artificial intelligence adoption in health care: scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as [92]
From a clinician's perspective, there are concerns around what the clinician's responsibility is in informing patients about the use of AI in their care.
“From a clinician’s perspective, there are concerns around what the clinician’s responsibility is in informing patients about the use of AI in their care [92].”
From Barriers to and facilitators of artificial intelligence adoption in health care: scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as [92]
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The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Managing Bipolar Disorder: A New Frontier in Patient Care
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AI-Powered Cyber Threats: A Systematic Review
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Strategies for Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention
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Modernized Management of Biomedical Waste Assisted with Artificial Intelligence
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Practical and Ethical Considerations for Generative AI in Medical Imaging
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Current Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Management of Esophageal Cancer
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Artificial Intelligence in Genetics
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- Authors
- Gerke, S., Minssen, T., & Cohen, I. G.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gerke, Sara
- Venue
- SSRN Electronic Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020
- ISSN
- 1556-5068 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3197148688
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 8
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Law › Digitalization, Law, and Regulation
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence in healthcare, AI ethics, AI regulation, informed consent, algorithmic transparency, algorithmic fairness, algorithmic bias, data privacy, liability, cybersecurity, intellectual property law, data protection, trust in AI
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