IL-1 Coordinates the Neutrophil Response to C. albicans in the Oral Mucosa
Open accessAbstract
Mucosal infections with Candida albicans belong to the most frequent forms of fungal diseases. Host protection is conferred by cellular immunity; however, the induction of antifungal immunity is not well understood. Using a mouse model of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) we show that interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling is critical for fungal control at the onset of infection through its impact on neutrophils at two levels. We demonstrate that both the recruitment of circulating neutrophils to the site of infection and the mobilization of newly generated neutrophils from the bone marrow depended on IL-1R. Consistently, IL-1R-deficient mice displayed impaired chemokine production at the site of infection and defective secretion of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the circulation in response to C. albicans. Strikingly, endothelial cells were identified as the primary cellular source of G-CSF during OPC, which responded to IL-1α that was released from keratinocytes in the infected tissue. The IL-1-dependent crosstalk between two different cellular subsets of the nonhematopoietic compartment was confirmed in vitro using a novel murine tongue-derived keratinocyte cell line and an established endothelial cell line. These data establish a new link between IL-1 and granulopoiesis in the context of fungal infection. Together, we identified two complementary mechanisms coordinating the neutrophil response in the oral mucosa, which is critical for preventing fungal growth and dissemination, and thus protects the host from disease.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
IL-1R signaling is critical for neutrophil function.
“IL-1R signaling is critical for neutrophil function [26, 31, 32]”
From Single-cell transcriptomics unveils skin cell specific antifungal immune responses and IL-1Ra- IL-1R immune evasion strategies of emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
The Results section on neutrophil recruitment (page unavailable) says IL-1R signaling was critical for the neutrophil response during oropharyngeal candidiasis in mice. The Discussion (page unavailable) specifies that the demonstrated effects concern neutrophil recruitment and production; it does not establish that IL-1R signaling is critical for neutrophil function generally or for neutrophils’ intrinsic activity. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIL-1R signaling is critical for neutrophil recruitment and function and plays an important role in host defense against C. albicans in oral mucosa and systemic infection.
“IL-1R signaling is critical for neutrophil recruitment and function and plays an important role in the host defense against C. albicans in oral mucosa and systemic infection [31, 32]”
From Single-cell transcriptomics unveils skin cell specific antifungal immune responses and IL-1Ra- IL-1R immune evasion strategies of emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
The Results and Discussion show that IL-1R signaling promotes neutrophil recruitment and fungal control in a mouse model of oral candidiasis. The Discussion also reports previous evidence for an IL-1R role in systemic candidiasis, but this paper does not establish that IL-1R regulates neutrophil function during systemic infection; it says the protective mechanism was not addressed in most of those studies. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Conti, H. R., Shen, F., Nayyar, N., Stocum, E., Sun, J. N., Lindemann, M. J., Ho, A. W., Hai, J. H., Yu, J. J., Jung, J. W., et al. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20081463 · Cited by 1,024 · see citing works
The Inflammasome Mediates UVB-Induced Activation and Secretion of Interleukin-1β by Keratinocytes
Feldmeyer, L., Keller, M., Niklaus, G., Hohl, D., Werner, S., & Beer, H.-D. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.074 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Influenza A inhibits Th17-mediated host defense against bacterial pneumonia in mice.
Kudva, A., Scheller, E. V., Robinson, K. M., Crowe, C. R., Choi, S. M., Slight, S. R., Khader, S. A., Dubin, P. J., Enelow, R. I., Kolls, J. K., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1002194 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Cutting Edge: <i>Candida albicans</i> Hyphae Formation Triggers Activation of the Nlrp3 Inflammasome
Joly, S., Ma, N., Sadler, J. J., Soll, D. R., Cassel, S. L., & Sutterwala, F. S. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0901323 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Candida albicans interactions with epithelial cells and mucosal immunity
Naglik, J. R., Moyes, D. L., Wächtler, B., & Hube, B. (2011) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2011.06.009 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Caffrey, A. K., Lehmann, M. M., Zickovich, J. M., Espinosa, V., Shepardson, K. M., Watschke, C. P., Hilmer, K. M., Thammahong, A., Barker, B. M., Rivera, A., et al. (2015) · PLOS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004625 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 48
- L Romani, 2011, Immunity to fungal infections, Nature reviews. Immunology, 11, 275, 10.1038/nri2939 · DOI · Paper page
- GD Brown, 2012, Hidden killers. human fungal infections, Science translational medicine, 4, 165rv13, 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004404 · DOI · Paper page
- R Pappu, 2012, Regulation of epithelial immunity by IL-17 family cytokines, Trends in immunology, 33, 343, 10.1016/j.it.2012.02.008 · DOI
- F Sparber, 2015, Interleukin 17-Mediated Host Defense against Candida albicans, Pathogens, 4, 606, 10.3390/pathogens4030606 · DOI
- K Trautwein-Weidner, 2015, IL-17-mediated antifungal defense in the oral mucosa is independent of neutrophils, Mucosal immunology, 8, 221, 10.1038/mi.2014.57 · DOI
- AR Huppler, 2014, Role of neutrophils in IL-17-dependent immunity to mucosal candidiasis, Journal of immunology, 192, 1745, 10.4049/jimmunol.1302265 · DOI
- CL Pankhurst, 2009, Candidiasis (oropharyngeal), BMJ Clin Evid, 2009
- O Lortholary, 1997, Antifungal prophylaxis during neutropenia and immunodeficiency, Clin Microbiol Rev, 10, 477, 10.1128/CMR.10.3.477 · DOI
- GJ Lieschke, 1994, Mice lacking granulocyte colony-stimulating factor have chronic neutropenia, granulocyte and macrophage progenitor cell deficiency, and impaired neutrophil mobilization, Blood, 84, 1737, 10.1182/blood.V84.6.1737.1737 · DOI
- H Takizawa, 2012, Demand-adapted regulation of early hematopoiesis in infection and inflammation, Blood, 119, 2991, 10.1182/blood-2011-12-380113 · DOI
- ND Kim, 2015, The role of tissue resident cells in neutrophil recruitment, Trends Immunol, 36, 547, 10.1016/j.it.2015.07.007 · DOI
- F Lanternier, 2013, Primary immunodeficiencies underlying fungal infections, Curr. Opin. Pediatr, 25, 736, 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000031 · DOI
- P Ye, 2001, Requirement of interleukin 17 receptor signaling for lung CXC chemokine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor expression, neutrophil recruitment, and host defense, The Journal of experimental medicine, 194, 519, 10.1084/jem.194.4.519 · DOI
- JS Cho, 2010, IL-17 is essential for host defense against cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice, The Journal of clinical investigation, 120, 1762, 10.1172/JCI40891 · DOI · Paper page
- M Umemura, 2007, IL-17-mediated regulation of innate and acquired immune response against pulmonary Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin infection, Journal of immunology, 178, 3786, 10.4049/jimmunol.178.6.3786 · DOI
- S Yuan, 2015, Interleukin-17 Stimulates STAT3-Mediated Endothelial Cell Activation for Neutrophil Recruitment, Cell Physiol Biochem, 36, 2340, 10.1159/000430197 · DOI
- O Gross, 2012, Inflammasome activators induce interleukin-1α secretion via distinct pathways with differential requirement for the protease function of caspase-1, Immunity, 36, 388, 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.01.018 · DOI
- O Gross, 2009, Syk kinase signalling couples to the Nlrp3 inflammasome for anti-fungal host defence, Nature, 459, 433, 10.1038/nature07965 · DOI
- van de Veerdonk, 2009, Bypassing pathogen-induced inflammasome activation for the regulation of interleukin-1beta production by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, J Infect Dis, 199, 1087, 10.1086/597274 · DOI
- AG Vonk, 2006, Endogenous interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are crucial for host defense against disseminated candidiasis, J Infect Dis, 193, 1419, 10.1086/503363 · DOI
- M Schaller, 2005, Candida albicans-secreted aspartic proteinases modify the epithelial cytokine response in an in vitro model of vaginal candidiasis, Infect Immun, 73, 2758, 10.1128/IAI.73.5.2758-2765.2005 · DOI
- DL Moyes, 2010, A biphasic innate immune MAPK response discriminates between the yeast and hyphal forms of Candida albicans in epithelial cells, Cell host & microbe, 8, 225, 10.1016/j.chom.2010.08.002 · DOI
- C Steele, 2002, Cytokine and chemokine production by human oral and vaginal epithelial cells in response to Candida albicans, Infect Immun, 70, 577, 10.1128/IAI.70.2.577-583.2002 · DOI
- J Tomalka, 2011, A novel role for the NLRC4 inflammasome in mucosal defenses against the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, PLoS pathogens, 7, e1002379, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002379 · DOI
- M Nitschké, 2012, Differential requirement for ROCK in dendritic cell migration within lymphatic capillaries in steady-state and inflammation, Blood, 120, 2249, 10.1182/blood-2012-03-417923 · DOI
- S Lenhoff, 1996, Cytokine regulation of GM-CSF and G-CSF secretion by human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), Cytokine, 8, 702, 10.1006/cyto.1996.0093 · DOI
- RB Presland, 2000, Epithelial structural proteins of the skin and oral cavity: function in health and disease, Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 11, 383, 10.1177/10454411000110040101 · DOI
- JL Arbiser, 1997, Oncogenic H-ras stimulates tumor angiogenesis by two distinct pathways, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 861, 10.1073/pnas.94.3.861 · DOI
- AG Hise, 2009, An essential role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in host defense against the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, Cell host & microbe, 5, 487, 10.1016/j.chom.2009.05.002 · DOI
- S. M. Leal Jr., 2010, Distinct roles for Dectin-1 and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis, PLoS pathogens, 6, e1000976, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000976 · DOI
- F Olaru, 2010, Staphylococcus aureus stimulates neutrophil targeting chemokine expression in keratinocytes through an autocrine IL-1alpha signaling loop, J Invest Dermatol, 130, 1866, 10.1038/jid.2010.37 · DOI
- S Boettcher, 2014, Endothelial cells translate pathogen signals into G-CSF-driven emergency granulopoiesis, Blood, 124, 1393, 10.1182/blood-2014-04-570762 · DOI
- G Barnes, 2014, G-CSF utilization rate and prescribing patterns in United States: associations between physician and patient factors and GCSF use, Cancer Med, 3, 1477, 10.1002/cam4.344 · DOI
- G Wildbaum, 2013, Continuous G-CSF therapy for isolated chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: complete clinical remission with restoration of IL-17 secretion, J Allergy Clin Immunol, 132, 761, 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.018 · DOI
- KE Lawlor, 2004, Critical role for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in inflammatory arthritis, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 11398, 10.1073/pnas.0404328101 · DOI
- JL Eyles, 2008, A key role for G-CSF-induced neutrophil production and trafficking during inflammatory arthritis, Blood, 112, 5193, 10.1182/blood-2008-02-139535 · DOI
- R Mössner, 2004, Granulocyte colony-stimulating-factor-induced psoriasiform dermatitis resembles psoriasis with regard to abnormal cytokine expression and epidermal activation, Exp Dermatol, 13, 340, 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.00190.x · DOI
- AL Cornish, 2009, G-CSF and GM-CSF as therapeutic targets in rheumatoid arthritis, Nat Rev Rheumatol, 5, 554, 10.1038/nrrheum.2009.178 · DOI
- VM Bruno, 2015, Transcriptomic analysis of vulvovaginal candidiasis identifies a role for the NLRP3 inflammasome, MBio, 6, 10.1128/mBio.00182-15 · DOI · Paper page
- A Dongari-bagtzoglou, 2004, Bioactive interleukin-1alpha is cytolytically released from Candida albicans-infected oral epithelial cells, Med Mycol, 42, 531, 10.1080/1369378042000193194 · DOI
- DL Moyes, 2016, Candidalysin is a fungal peptide toxin critical for mucosal infection, Nature, 532, 64, 10.1038/nature17625 · DOI
- R Horai, 1998, Production of mice deficient in genes for interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1alpha/beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist shows that IL-1beta is crucial in turpentine-induced fever development and glucocorticoid secretion, J Exp Med, 187, 1463, 10.1084/jem.187.9.1463 · DOI · Paper page
- M Labow, 1997, Absence of IL-1 signaling and reduced inflammatory response in IL-1 type I receptor-deficient mice, Journal of immunology, 159, 2452, 10.4049/jimmunol.159.5.2452 · DOI
- MW Marino, 1997, Characterization of tumor necrosis factor-deficient mice, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 8093, 10.1073/pnas.94.15.8093 · DOI
- X Zheng, 2004, Hgc1, a novel hypha-specific G1 cyclin-related protein regulates Candida albicans hyphal morphogenesis, EMBO J, 23, 1845, 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600195 · DOI
- CJ Barelle, 2004, GFP as a quantitative reporter of gene regulation in Candida albicans, Yeast, 21, 333, 10.1002/yea.1099 · DOI
- NV Solis, 2012, Mouse model of oropharyngeal candidiasis, Nature protocols, 7, 637, 10.1038/nprot.2012.011 · DOI
- M Meyer, 2012, FGF receptors 1 and 2 are key regulators of keratinocyte migration in vitro and in wounded skin, J Cell Sci, 125, 5690, 10.1242/jcs.108167 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: A Current Understanding and Burning Questions
Willems, H. M. E., Ahmed, S. S., Liu, J., Xu, Z., & Peters, B. M. (2020) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof6010027 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Host Control of Fungal Infections: Lessons from Basic Studies and Human Cohorts
Lionakis, M. S., & Levitz, S. M. (2018) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053318 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Candida albicans induces mucosal bacterial dysbiosis that promotes invasive infection
Bertolini, M., Ranjan, A., Thompson, A., Diaz, P. I., Sobue, T., Maas, K., & Dongari-Bagtzoglou, A. (2019) · PLOS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007717 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Lionakis, M. S., Iliev, I. D., & Hohl, T. M. (2017) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.93156 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Mechanism of Candida pathogenesis: Revisiting the vital drivers
Mba, I. E., & Nweze, E. I. (2020) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s10096-020-03912-w · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Oral epithelial IL-22/STAT3 signaling licenses IL-17-mediated immunity to oral mucosal candidiasis
Aggor, F. E. Y., Break, T. J., Trevejo-Nuñez, G., Whibley, N., Coleman, B. M., Bailey, R. D., Kaplan, D. H., Naglik, J. R., Shan, W., Shetty, A. C., et al. (2020) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.aba0570 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“Interestingly, the capacity of IL-17 to drive oral neutrophil recruitment in OPC is not observed by all who use this OPC model (28, 75), possibly reflecting altered microbiota or other distinctions among animal facilities.”
BackgroundNikou, S.-A., Zhou, C., Griffiths, J. S., Kotowicz, N. K., Coleman, B. M., Green, M. J., Moyes, D. L., Gaffen, S. L., Naglik, J. R., & Parker, P. J. (2022) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.abj6915 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Candida albicans at Host Barrier Sites: Pattern Recognition Receptors and Beyond
Swidergall, M. (2019) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens8010040 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Balakumar, A., Das, D., Datta, A., Mishra, A., Bryak, G., Ganesh, S. M., Netea, M. G., Kumar, V., Lionakis, M. S., Arora, D., et al. (2024) · PLOS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1012699 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Altmeier, S., Toska, A., Sparber, F., Teijeira, A., Halin, C., & LeibundGut-Landmann, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Venue
- PLOS Pathogens
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2016-09-15
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e1005882
- ISSN
- 1553-7366 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7374
- PMC
- PMC5025078
- OpenAlex
- W2519902791
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 11
- FWCI
- 12.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS Pathogens (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ETH Zürich Research Collection (cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (PP00P3_150758, CRSII3_141848)
- Austrian Science Fund (J3566)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Keywords
- interleukin-1 receptor signaling, Candida albicans, oropharyngeal candidiasis, neutrophils, neutrophil recruitment, granulopoiesis, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, chemokine production, antifungal immunity, oral mucosa, host defense against fungi
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Mouth Mucosa, Neutrophils, Tongue, Keratinocytes, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, Receptors, Interleukin-1, Mice, Knockout, Myelopoiesis, Endothelial Cells, Mice, Interleukin-1alpha
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review