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Safe and effective two-in-one replicon-and-VLP minispike vaccine for COVID-19: Protection of mice after a single immunization

Hennrich, Alexandru A., Sawatsky, Bevan, Santos-Mandujano, Rosalía, Banda, Dominic H., Oberhuber, Martina, Schopf, Anika, Pfaffinger, Verena, Wittwer, Kevin, Riedel, Christiane, Pfaller, Christian K., Conzelmann, Karl-Klaus·2021·PLOS Pathogens
DOI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009064PMC PMC8092985
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Abstract

Vaccines of outstanding efficiency, safety, and public acceptance are needed to halt the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Concerns include potential side effects caused by the antigen itself and safety of viral DNA and RNA delivery vectors. The large SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein is the main target of current COVID-19 vaccine candidates but can induce non-neutralizing antibodies, which might cause vaccination-induced complications or enhancement of COVID-19 disease. Besides, encoding of a functional S in replication-competent virus vector vaccines may result in the emergence of viruses with altered or expanded tropism. Here, we have developed a safe single round rhabdovirus replicon vaccine platform for enhanced presentation of the S receptor-binding domain (RBD). Structure-guided design was employed to build a chimeric minispike comprising the globular RBD linked to a transmembrane stem-anchor sequence derived from rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein (G). Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and RABV replicons encoding the minispike not only allowed expression of the antigen at the cell surface but also incorporation into the envelope of secreted non-infectious particles, thus combining classic vector-driven antigen expression and particulate virus-like particle (VLP) presentation. A single dose of a prototype replicon vaccine complemented with VSV G, VSVΔG-minispike-eGFP (G), stimulated high titers of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in mice, equivalent to those found in COVID-19 patients, and protected transgenic K18-hACE2 mice from COVID-19-like disease. Homologous boost immunization further enhanced virus neutralizing activity. The results demonstrate that non-spreading rhabdovirus RNA replicons expressing minispike proteins represent effective and safe alternatives to vaccination approaches using replication-competent viruses and/or the entire S antigen.

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Metadata

Authors
Hennrich, A. A., Sawatsky, B., Santos-Mandujano, R., Banda, D. H., Oberhuber, M., Schopf, A., Pfaffinger, V., Wittwer, K., Riedel, C., Pfaller, C. K., & Conzelmann, K.-K.
ORCID
Venue
PLOS Pathogens
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2021-04-21
Volume
17
Issue
4
Pages
e1009064
ISSN
1553-7374
DOI
10.1371/journal.ppat.1009064
PMC
PMC8092985
Cited by
30
References
14
Language
en
Update notices
new_version (2021-05-03)
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • DFG (DFG Project-ID 369799452 - TRR237 A12, DFG Project-ID 118803580 - SFB 870 Z1, DFG SFB 1021 project ID 197785619/B12)
  • LMU Munich (FöFoLe M 09/2017)
  • German Federal Ministry of Health
  • Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI2016Z9)

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