Implementing a reference measurement system for C-peptide: successes and lessons learned

Little, Randie R; Wielgosz, Robert I; Josephs, Ralf; Kinumi, Tomoya; Takatsu, Akiko; Li, Hongmei; Stein, Daniel; Burns, Chris

doi:10.1373/clinchem.2016.269274

Cited by 383Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality ControlScientific Measurement and Uncertainty EvaluationDiabetes and associated disorders

Implementing a reference measurement system for C-peptide: successes and lessons learned

Open access

Little, Randie R, Wielgosz, Robert I, Josephs, Ralf, Kinumi, Tomoya, Takatsu, Akiko, Li, Hongmei, Stein, Daniel, Burns, Chris·2017·Clinical Chemistry

DOI 10.1373/clinchem.2016.269274PMC PMC5575958

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Assessment of endogenous insulin secretion by measuring C-peptide concentrations is widely accepted. Recent studies have shown that preservation of even small amounts of endogenous C-peptide production in patients with type 1 diabetes reduces risks for diabetic complications. Harmonization of C-peptide results will facilitate comparison of data from different research studies and later among clinical laboratory results at different sites using different assay methods. CONTENT: This review provides an overview of the general process of harmonization and standardization and the challenges encountered with implementing a reference measurement system for C-peptide. SUMMARY: Efforts to harmonize C-peptide results are described, including those by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases–led C-peptide Standardization Committee in the US, activities in Japan, efforts by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control in the UK, as well as activities led by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures and the National Metrology Institute in China. A traceability scheme is proposed along with the next steps for implementation. Suggestions are made for better collaboration to optimize the harmonization process for other measurands.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1373/clinchem.2016.269274

Cites

23 of 23 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

There is a need for further coordination to assure worldwide harmonization of C-peptide.
“Stakeholders in the U.S., Japan, and elsewhere have worked on developing a reference standard and traceability schemes, but there is a need for further coordination to assure worldwide harmonization of C-peptide (516).”
From Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus (2023) · cites this paper as [516]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

C-Peptide Is the Appropriate Outcome Measure for Type 1 Diabetes Clinical Trials to Preserve β-Cell Function
Palmer, J. P., Fleming, G. A., Greenbaum, C. J., Herold, K. C., Jansa, L. D., Kolb, H., Lachin, J. M., Polonsky, K. S., Pozzilli, P., Skyler, J. S., et al. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.1.250 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Interleukin-1 antagonism in type 1 diabetes of recent onset: two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials
Moran, A., Bundy, B. N., BECKER, D. J., DiMeglio, L. A., Gitelman, S. E., Goland, R., Greenbaum, C. J., Herold, K. C., Marks, J. B., Raskin, P., et al. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60023-9 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Mixed-Meal Tolerance Test Versus Glucagon Stimulation Test for the Assessment of β-Cell Function in Therapeutic Trials in Type 1 Diabetes
Greenbaum, C. J., Mandrup-Poulsen, T. R., McGee, P. F., Battelino, T., Haastert, B., Ludvigsson, J., Pozzilli, P., Lachin, J. M., & Kolb, H. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-2451 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Impact of C-peptide preservation on metabolic and clinical outcomes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
Lachin, J. M., McGee, P., Palmer, J. P., & for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-0881 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Teplizumab Preserves C-Peptide in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Hagopian, W., Ferry, R. J., Sherry, N., Carlin, D., Bonvini, E., Johnson, S., Stein, K. E., Koenig, S., Daifotis, A. G., Herold, K. C., et al. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-0236 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Traceability in Laboratory Medicine
Vesper, H. W., & Thienpont, L. M. (2009) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.107052 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
C-Peptide Replacement Therapy and Sensory Nerve Function in Type 1 Diabetic Neuropathy
Ekberg, K., Brismar, T., Johansson, B., Lindström, P., Juntti‐Berggren, L., Norrby, A., Berne, C., Arnqvist, H. J., Bolinder, J., & Wahren, J. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1274 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Standardization of C-peptide measurements
Little, R. R., Rohlfing, C. L., Tennill, A. L., Madsen, R. W., Polonsky, K. S., Myers, G. L., Greenbaum, C. J., Palmer, J. P., Rogatsky, E., & Stein, D. T. (2008) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2007.101287 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citation
Verification of in vitro medical diagnostics (IVD) metrological traceability: Responsibilities and strategies
Braga, F., & Panteghini, M. (2013) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2013.11.022 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Harmonization: the Sample, the Measurement, and the Report
Miller, W. G., Tate, J. R., Barth, J. H., & Jones, G. R. D. (2014) · Annals of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.3343/alm.2014.34.3.187 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Application of amino acid analysis using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with isotope dilution mass spectrometry for peptide and protein quantification
Kato, M., Kato, H., Eyama, S., & Takatsu, A. (2009) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.07.027 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citation
Development of SI-traceable C-peptide certified reference material NMIJ CRM 6901-a using isotope-dilution mass spectrometry-based amino acid analyses
Kinumi, T., Goto, M., Eyama, S., Kato, M., Kasama, T., & Takatsu, A. (2012) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-012-6097-1 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (JCTLM) – its history and operation
Jones, G. R. D., & Jackson, C. M. (2015) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2015.11.016 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Sensitive Quantitative Analysis of C-Peptide in Human Plasma by 2-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Isotope-Dilution Assay
Rogatsky, E., Balent, B., Goswami, G., Tomuta, V., Jayatillake, H., Cruikshank, G., Vele, L., & Stein, D. T. (2006) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.063081 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citation
International Comparison of C-Peptide Measurements
Wiedmeyer, H.-M., Polonsky, K. S., Myers, G. L., Little, R. R., Greenbaum, C. J., Goldstein, D. E., & Palmer, J. P. (2007) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2006.081570 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citation
C-Peptide Levels Are Associated With Mortality and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients Undergoing Angiography
Marx, N., Silbernagel, G., Brandenburg, V. M., Burgmaier, M., Kleber, M. E., Grammer, T. B., Winkelmann, B. R., Boehm, B. O., & März, W. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-1211 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Update on current concepts and meanings in laboratory medicine — Standardization, traceability and harmonization
Greenberg, N. L. (2014) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2013.12.045 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Can C‐peptide mediated anti‐inflammatory effects retard the development of microvascular complications of type 1 diabetes?
Luppi, P., Kallas, Å., & Wahren, J. (2013) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2409 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
C-Peptide Measurement and its Clinical Usefulness: A Review
Bonser, A. M., & Garcia‐Webb, P. (1981) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/000456328101800402 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Quantification of serum C-peptide by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Enhanced detection using chemical modification and immunoaffinity purification
Kinumi, T., Mizuno, R., & Takatsu, A. (2014) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.019 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Human C-peptide Quantitation by LC-MS Isotope-Dilution Assay in Serum or Urine Samples
Stoyanov, A. V. (2013) · Journal of Chromatography & Separation Techniques · doi:10.4172/2157-7064.1000172 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Traceable Amino Acid Analyses of Proteins and Peptides by Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry Using Precolumn Derivatization Reagent
Kinumi, T., Ichikawa, R., Arimoto, H., & Takatsu, A. (2010) · Analytical Sciences · doi:10.2116/analsci.26.1007 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Development of High-purity Certified Reference Materials for 17 Proteinogenic Amino Acids by Traceable Titration Methods
Kato, M., Yamazaki, T., Kato, H., Eyama, S., Goto, M., Yoshioka, M., & Takatsu, A. (2015) · Analytical Sciences · doi:10.2116/analsci.31.805 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300416 · Cited by 5,092 · see citing works
cPSA
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310898 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
CAH (Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia)-Screening
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300351 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Sacks, D. B., Arnold, M., Bakris, G. L., Bruns, D. E., Horvath, A. R., Lernmark, Å., Metzger, B. E., Nathan, D. M., & Kirkman, M. S. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci23-0036 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Complement-associated protein SP-40,40
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300426 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Sacks, D. B., Arnold, M. A., Bakris, G. L., Bruns, D. E., Horvath, A. R., Lernmark, Å., Metzger, B. E., Nathan, D. M., & Kirkman, M. S. (2023) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvad080 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
C‐peptide determination in the diagnosis of type of diabetes and its management: A clinical perspective
Maddaloni, E., Bolli, G. B., Frier, B. M., Little, R. R., Leslie, R. D., Pozzilli, P., & Buzzetti, R. (2022) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14785 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citation
Harmonization of immunoassays for biomarkers in diabetes mellitus
Hörber, S., Achenbach, P., Schleicher, E. D., & Peter, A. (2019) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.015 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Establishment of measurement traceability for peptide and protein quantification through rigorous purity assessment—a review
Josephs, R. D., Martos, G., Li, M., Wu, L., Melanson, J. E., Quaglia, M., Beltrão, P. J., Prevoo-Franzsen, D., Bœuf, A., Delatour, V., et al. (2019) · Metrologia · doi:10.1088/1681-7575/ab27e5 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evidence for C-Peptide as a Validated Surrogate to Predict Clinical Benefits in Trials of Disease-Modifying Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes
Latres, E., Greenbaum, C. J., Oyaski, M. L., Dayan, C. M., Colhoun, H. M., Lachin, J. M., Skyler, J. S., Rickels, M. R., Ahmed, S. T., Dutta, S., et al. (2024) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/dbi23-0012 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The roadmap for harmonization: status of the International Consortium for Harmonization of Clinical Laboratory Results
Myers, G. L., & Miller, W. G. (2018) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2017-0907 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Overcoming challenges regarding reference materials and regulations that influence global standardization of medical laboratory testing results
Miller, W. G., Myers, G. L., Cobbaert, C. M., Young, I. S., Theodorsson, E., Wielgosz, R. I., Westwood, S. W., Maniguet, S., & Gillery, P. (2022) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2022-0943 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Identification and accurate quantification of structurally related peptide impurities in synthetic human C-peptide by liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry
Li, M., Josephs, R. D., Daireaux, A., Choteau, T., Westwood, S. W., Wielgosz, R. I., & Li, H. (2018) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-018-1155-y · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Comparability of C-Peptide Measurements – Current Status and Clinical Relevance
Hörber, S., Orth, M., Fritsche, A., & Peter, A. (2023) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-1998-6889 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Development and validation of a novel LC-MS/MS assay for C-peptide in human serum
Owusu, B. Y., Pflaum, H., Garner, R., Foulon, N., Laha, T. J., & Hoofnagle, A. N. (2020) · Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Advances in the Clinical Lab · doi:10.1016/j.jmsacl.2020.12.001 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Exploring the potential role of C‐peptide in type 2 diabetes management
Lin, Y., McCrimmon, R. J., & Pearson, E. R. (2025) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15469 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Implementing a Reference Measurement System for C-Peptide: An Addendum
Little, R. R., Kinumi, T., Connolly, S. M., & Kabytaev, K. (2017) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2017.281170 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Interlaboratory Comparison of Antibody-Free LC-MS/MS Measurements of C-peptide and Insulin
Moradian, A., Goonatilleke, E., Lin, T., Hatten-Beck, M., Emrick, M. A., Schepmoes, A., Fillmore, T., MacCoss, M. J., Sechi, S., Sobhani, K., et al. (2024) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvae034 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
Current Status of Serum Insulin and C-Peptide Measurement in Clinical Laboratories: Experience from 94 Laboratories in China
Zhou, W., Deng, Y., Zhao, H., & Zhang, C. (2022) · Annals of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.3343/alm.2022.42.4.428 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Capturing residual beta cell function in type 1 diabetes
Pociot, F. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4768-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Call for Standardization of C-Peptide Measurement
Schleicher, E. D., Kabytaev, K., Nauck, M., Müller‐Wieland, D., Peter, A., Little, R. R., & Heinemann, L. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968251362848 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
Understanding Insulin in the Age of Precision Medicine and Big Data: Under-Explored Nature of Genomics
Cook, T. W., Wilstermann, A. M., Mitchell, J. T., Arnold, N. E., Rajasekaran, S., Bupp, C. P., & Prokop, J. W. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13020257 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
An SI-traceable reference material for virus-like particles
Briones, A., Martos, G., Bedu, M., Choteau, T., Josephs, R. D., Wielgosz, R. I., & Ryadnov, M. G. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104294 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
CLSI
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300418 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Leveraging the future of diagnosis and management of diabetes: From old indexes to new technologies
Meneses, M. J., Patarrão, R. S., Pinheiro, T., Coelho, I., Carriço, N., Marques, A. C., Romão, A., Nabais, J. M. V., Fortunato, E. M. C., Raposo, J. F., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.13934 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
An Accurate Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Serum C-Peptide and Its Use in Harmonization in China
Deng, Y., Zhang, C., Wang, J., Zeng, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, T., Zhao, H., Zhou, W., & Zhang, C. (2023) · Annals of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.3343/alm.2023.43.4.345 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A comparative analysis of current С-peptide assays compared to a reference method: can we overcome inertia to standardization?
Rohlfing, C. L., Petroski, G. F., Connolly, S. M., Hanson, S. E., Little, R. R., & Kabytaev, K. (2025) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2024-1260 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Harmonization of Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Protein Assays
Rockwood, A. L., Lowenthal, M. S., & Bystrom, C. E. (2018) · Clinics in Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cll.2018.05.004 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Analytical evaluation and clinical application of insulin and C-peptide by a whole blood, lateral flow, point of care (POC) assay system
Jekarl, D. W., Choi, H., Kim, E. S., Lee, S., Park, H., Kim, M., & Kim, Y. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1080/00365513.2019.1627575 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Detection of C-Peptide in Scalp Hair of Healthy Adults
Abdulateef, D. S., & Salih, J. M. (2020) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s240785 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Challenge to Coordinate Harmonization Activities on an International Level
Myers, G. L., & Miller, W. G. (2017) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2017.275669 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The evolution of C-peptide's role in diabetes care
Briggs, L., Read, A., Darch, S. J., Williams, E. L., Loh, W. J., & Kenkre, J. S. (2025) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000947 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Insight into the status of plasma renin and aldosterone measurement: findings from 526 clinical laboratories in China
Zhou, W., Deng, Y., Ma, W., Zhao, H., Wang, K., Zhang, Q., Gan, W., Chen, W., Cai, J., & Zhang, C. (2024) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2024-0373 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
C-peptide and insulin assays with the Mindray CL-2000i: Precision and comparability with different methods
Cosma, C., Padoan, A., Clerico, A., & Plebani, M. (2019) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2019.04.057 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Neue Klassifikation des Diabetes mellitus – Anforderungen an Labormessgrößen
Hörber, S., Kaiser, P., Achenbach, P., Schleicher, E. D., & Peter, A. (2020) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/a-1320-2574 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
C‐peptide as an important biomarker in diabetes management: The need for standardization of its measurement
Kabytaev, K., Maddaloni, E., Ferm, M. L., REDONDO, M. J., Buzzetti, R., & Pozzilli, P. (2026) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.70447 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Development and Validation of a Novel Isotope Dilution-Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Serum C-Peptide
Cho, S. E., Han, J., YOU, J., Lee, J. H., Yi, A., Lee, S. G., & Lee, E. H. (2024) · Annals of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.3343/alm.2024.0072 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Critical need to assess modified and un-modified peptides in C-peptide standard materials
Wu, Z. R., Kabytaev, K., Mu, J., Connolly, S. M., Clarke, N. J., Little, R. R., & McPhaul, M. J. (2022) · Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Advances in the Clinical Lab · doi:10.1016/j.jmsacl.2022.07.003 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exploration of suitable external quality assessment materials for serum C-peptide measurement
Deng, Y., Zhang, C., Li, B., Wang, J., Zeng, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, T., Zhao, H., Zhou, W., & Zhang, C. (2023) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2023-0215 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
MRM-based LC-MS method for accurate C-peptide quantitation
Grothoff, W., Khodakivskyi, I., Shin, A., Little, R. R., Connolly, S. M., & Kabytaev, K. (2025) · Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Advances in the Clinical Lab · doi:10.1016/j.jmsacl.2025.02.001 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Key comparison study on protein quantification: purity-assessed recombinant protein contents in buffer solution using insulin analogue
Jeong, J., Yim, Y., Liu, Q., Yong, S., Liu, H., Beltrão, P. J., Scapin, S. M. N., Sade, Y. B., Garrido, B. C., Bœuf, A., et al. (2021) · Metrologia · doi:10.1088/0026-1394/58/1a/08007 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
C-Peptid-Messung – Aktueller Stand der Analytik und klinische Anwendung
Müller‐Wieland, D., Schleicher, E. D., Niederau, C. M., Fritsche, A., Schwarz, T., Nauck, M. A., & Heinemann, L. (2026) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/a-2785-7214 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300401 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
CA 27-29
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300344 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Labordiagnostik bei Diabetes mellitus
Hörber, S., Schleicher, E. D., & Peter, A. (2019) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/s-0044-101862 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
CT-proAVP
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310921 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cold insoluble globulin
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310882
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF)
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300433
Carter-Robbins-Test
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310761
Compliance, Labor-EDV
Colhoun, O. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_774
Client-Server-Architektur
Colhoun, O. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_753
High Precision Measurement and Reference Material for Protein and Peptide
Kinumi, T. (2018) · Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan · doi:10.5702/massspec.s18-42
Self-citation
News from the BIPM laboratories—2017
Judge, S., Tavella, P., Arias, E. F., Arcos, J. M. L., Stöck, M., Wielgosz, R. I., & Milton, M. J. T. (2018) · Metrologia · doi:10.1088/1681-7575/aaa48d
Self-citation
Comments on Deng, et al: The potential for Isotope dilution-LC-MS/MS to improve laboratory measurement of c-peptide; reasons and critical determinants
Little, R. R., Kabytaev, K., & Connolly, S. M. (2021) · Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Advances in the Clinical Lab · doi:10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.11.002
Self-citation
Cholinesterase II
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300402
Coombs-Serum
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300428
In reply
Deng, Y., Zhou, W., & Zhang, C. (2021) · Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Advances in the Clinical Lab · doi:10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.11.003
Cytochrom-P450-II-E1-System
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300455
CYP
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310932
Cyanocobalamin
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310929
Coenzym A
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310876
Cys
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310934
CPT
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310901
CgA
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300388
CK-MB
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310851
ces
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310802
Cardiokine
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300371
Colecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300425
Cholesterol
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310824
Cytocuprein
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310938
Creatinin
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310904
Clonidin-Test
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310864
CSF-Monozytoidzellen
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300448
Corpus-luteum-Hormon
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310891
Chitinase 1
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300399
Coenzym R
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300424
CD44
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310777
Calciumoxalatmonohydrat
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310735
Chaperonine
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310811
Clusterin
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300419
Colton (Co)
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310884
Calcitriol
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310731
Chemische Triebkraft
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300395
CA 72-4
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300346
C1-INH
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310839
Carboxyhydrate Antigen
Holdenrieder, S., & Stieber, P. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_671
Creatin
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300441
Codogener Strang
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300423
C2-Konzentrationen
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310856
Carbonylproteine
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310753
Cerebrose
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310800
Catha edulis Forsk.
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_300376
Chlorid, ionisiertes
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310821
CD44, ISBT Collection 203
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310778
Centriol/Centrosom-Antikörper
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310798
ChemG
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310813
CEACAM-1
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310792
Coffeinbelastungstest
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310879
Clot observation time
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310865
CD95-Ligand
Gressner, A. M., & Arndt, T. (2019) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_310782

Challenge to Coordinate Harmonization Activities on an International Level
Myers, G. L., & Miller, W. G. (2017) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2017.275669 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Development and Application of Reference Measurement Procedures for C-peptide and Insulin in Human Serum
Cabaleiro, D. R. (2007) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)
Implementing a Reference Measurement System for C-Peptide: An Addendum
Little, R. R., Kinumi, T., Connolly, S. M., & Kabytaev, K. (2017) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2017.281170 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
A comparative analysis of current С-peptide assays compared to a reference method: can we overcome inertia to standardization?
Rohlfing, C. L., Petroski, G. F., Connolly, S. M., Hanson, S. E., Little, R. R., & Kabytaev, K. (2025) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2024-1260 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
International Comparison of C-Peptide Measurements
Wiedmeyer, H.-M., Polonsky, K. S., Myers, G. L., Little, R. R., Greenbaum, C. J., Goldstein, D. E., & Palmer, J. P. (2007) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2006.081570 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Little, R. R., Wielgosz, R. I., Josephs, R., Kinumi, T., Takatsu, A., Li, H., Stein, D., & Burns, C.
Affiliations: University of Missouri (US)
Bureau international des poids et mesures (FR)
National Metrology Institute of Japan (JP)
National Institute of Metrology (CN)
Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (GB)
Corresponding author: Little, Randie R
ORCID: Little, Randie R
Wielgosz, Robert I
Josephs, Ralf
Kinumi, Tomoya
Takatsu, Akiko
Li, Hongmei
Burns, Chris
Venue: Clinical Chemistry
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2017-09-01
Volume: 63
Issue: 9
Pages: 1447-1456
ISSN: 0009-9147 (ISSN-L)
1530-8561
DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.269274
PMC: PMC5575958
OpenAlex: W2696753613
Semantic Scholar: 909dfba036768bf9c9b2a61af2b3182361e08901
Cited by: 383
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 336 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2
FWCI: 11.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Locations: Clinical Chemistry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1UC4DK096587–01)
National Institute of Mental Health (2014DFA31810, K115/P55.2)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Keywords: C-peptide, reference measurement system, assay harmonization, standardization, traceability, type 1 diabetes, endogenous insulin secretion, metrology, international cooperation
MeSH terms: C-Peptide, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Humans, Reference Standards, Observer Variation, Clinical Laboratory Services

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Implementing a reference measurement system for C-peptide: successes and lessons learned

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks