Potential mechanisms underpinning the nutritional modulation of periodontal inflammation
Abstract
Background Periodontitis results from an inappropriate host response to pathogenic biofilms. Because traditional management approaches have failed to reduce disease prevalence, the research focus has shifted toward managing host-mediated inflammation. In this article, the author reviews the role of nutrition in the development and resolution of inflammation.Methods The author reviewed the biomedical literature to elucidate mechanisms by which dietary factors affect inflammatory processes and to establish what evidence exists for macronutritional and micronutritional modulation of inflammation at a cellular and molecular level.Conclusions Hyperinflammation characterizes the periodontitis phenotype, and oxidative stress is a key orchestration point for the diverse signaling pathways, which control inflammation. Oxidative stress is modulated by diet, as well as by infection. Recent research has demonstrated that subtle shifts in nutritional status are associated independently with the prevalence of periodontitis. Moreover, the results of contemporary animal and human studies have demonstrated the role of specific micronutrients in the modulation of the host's inflammatory response by reducing inflammatory biomarkers and bone loss.Clinical implications The scientific community is starting to realize the health benefits of diets containing foods naturally rich in antioxidants and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as the dangers of diets that are high in refined carbohydrates. Nutritional intervention studies in patients with inflammatory periodontitis are needed to evaluate the effect of nutritional approaches to periodontal management.
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Dysbiosis is prompted by various factors, including host diet, inflammatory responses, systemic disruptions, and habits such as alcohol intake, smoking tobacco and consuming alcohol.
“Such dysbiosis is prompted by various factors, including host diet, inflammatory responses, systemic disruptions, and habits such as alcohol intake, smoking tobacco and consuming alcohol.50, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [182]
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- Authors
- Chapple, I. L. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Chapple, Iain L.C.
- ORCID
- Chapple, Iain L.C.
- Venue
- The Journal of the American Dental Association
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 178-184
- ISSN
- 0002-8177 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2099633200
- Semantic Scholar
- 7e4460a958177152ab8200c331272aedf490584b
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of the American Dental Association (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Keywords
- periodontitis, periodontal inflammation, nutrition, oxidative stress, hyperinflammation, micronutrients, macronutrients, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, refined carbohydrates, bone loss, periodontal disease management
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, Nutritional Status, Periodontal Diseases, Oxidative Stress
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