CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 39EFL/ESL Teaching and LearningMotivation and Self-Concept in SportsEducation, Achievement, and Giftedness

Learning from authoritarian teachers: Controlling the situation or controlling yourself can sustain motivation

Open access
Everhart Chaffee, Kathryn, Noels, Kimberly A., McEown, Maya Sugita·2014·Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
DOI 10.14746/ssllt.2014.4.2.9
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Positive psychology encompasses the study of positive outcomes, optimal functioning, and resilience in difficult circumstances. In the context of language learning, positive outcomes include academic engagement, self-determined motivation, persistence in language learning, and eventually becoming a proficient user of the language. These questionnaire studies extend previous research by addressing how these positive outcomes can be achieved even in adverse circumstances. In Study 1, the primary and secondary control scales of interest were validated using 2468 students at a Canadian university. Study 2 examined the capacity of 100 Canadian language learners to adjust themselves to fit in with their environment, termed secondary control, and how it was related to their motivation for and engagement in language learning and their feelings of anxiety speaking in the classroom. Secondary control in the form of adjusting one’s attitude towards language learning challenges through positive reappraisals was positively associated with self-determined motivation, need satisfaction, and engagement. analyses, positive reappraisals were also found to buffer the negative effects of having a controlling instructor on students’ engagement and anxiety. These findings suggest that personal characteristics interact with the learning environment to allow students to function optimally in their language courses even when the teacher is controlling.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.14746/ssllt.2014.4.2.9

Cites

61 of 61 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Factors like happiness, emotional intelligence, love, and pride were studied along with negative factors such as foreign language classroom anxiety and negative learning environment in empirical studies to realize the power of positive emotions for creating a balance.

    “Accordingly, factors like happiness, emotional intelligence, love, and pride were studied along with negative factors such as foreign language classroom anxiety and negative learning environment in the empirical studies that followed to realize the power of positive emotions for creating a balance (Chaffee et al., 2014; Dewaele and MacIntyre, 2014; Gregersen et al., 2014).”

    From Researching and Practicing Positive Psychology in Second/Foreign Language Learning and Teaching: The Past, Current Status and Future Directions (2021) · cites this paper as Chaffee et al., 2014

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Everhart Chaffee, K., Noels, K. A., & McEown, M. S.
Affiliations
University of Alberta (CA)
ORCID
Venue
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Publisher
Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan
Published
2014-01-01
Volume
4
Issue
2
Pages
355-387
ISSN
  • 2083-5205 (ISSN-L)
  • 2084-1965
DOI
10.14746/ssllt.2014.4.2.9
OpenAlex
W2089859974
Cited by
39
References
61
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1
FWCI
4.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Pressto (Uniwersytetu Adama Mickiewicza) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Repozytorium Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • University of Alberta
  • Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Keywords
secondary control, primary control, self-determination theory, autonomous motivation, need satisfaction, language learning engagement, speaking anxiety, positive reappraisal, resilience, positive psychology, second language learners

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review