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Cited by 15Iron Metabolism and DisordersTrace Elements in HealthExercise and Physiological Responses

Influence of an energy deficient and low carbohydrate acute dietary manipulation on iron regulation in young females

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Hayashi, Nanako, Ishibashi, Aya, Iwata, Ayame, Yatsutani, Haruka, Badenhorst, Claire, Goto, Kazushige·2022·Physiological Reports
DOI 10.14814/phy2.15351PMC PMC9251860
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Abstract

Hepcidin is a liver-derived hormone that regulates iron metabolism. Recent studies suggest that an energy-deficient diet or low carbohydrate (CHO) availability may increase hepcidin in the absence of inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of either an energy-deficient diet or an ED diet with low CHO intake during three consecutive days on hepcidin responses, hematological variables, and energy metabolism in young Japanese women. Twenty-two young females were divided into two different groups, either an energy-deficient with low CHO intake group (ED + LCHO; 2.0 ± 0.3 g/kg/day CHO, 39%CHO, 1123 kcal/day) or an energy deficient with moderate CHO intake group (ED; 3.4 ± 0.3 g/kg/day CHO, 63%CHO, 1162 kcal/day). During the three consecutive days of the dietary intervention program, participants consumed only the prescribed diet and maintained their habitual physical activity levels. Body composition, substrate oxidation, iron metabolism, and inflammation were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Serum iron and ferritin levels were significantly elevated following the intervention (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels did not change following the intervention. Serum hepcidin levels significantly increased after the intervention (p = 0.002). Relative change in hepcidin levels was significantly higher in the ED + LCHO (264.3 ± 87.2%) than in the ED group (68.9 ± 22.1%, p = 0.048). Three consecutive days of an energy-deficient diet increased fasting hepcidin levels. Moreover, elevated hepcidin levels were further augmented when an energy-deficient diet was combined with a lower CHO intake.

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  • A 3-day intervention in young females showed a 264% increase in hepcidin with a low energy, low CHO diet compared with a 69% increase with isocaloric low energy but higher CHO diet.

    “More recently, a 3-day intervention in young females also showed a 264% increase in hepcidin with a low energy, low CHO diet compared with only a 69% increase in hepcidin with isocaloric low energy but higher CHO diet.55”

    From 2023 international olympic committee's (IOC) consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) (2023) · cites this paper as [55]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hayashi, N., Ishibashi, A., Iwata, A., Yatsutani, H., Badenhorst, C., & Goto, K.
Affiliations
  • Ritsumeikan University (JP)
  • The University of Tokyo (JP)
  • Massey University (NZ)
Corresponding author
Goto, Kazushige
ORCID
Venue
Physiological Reports
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-07
Volume
10
Issue
13
Pages
e15351-e15351
ISSN
2051-817X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.14814/phy2.15351
PMC
PMC9251860
OpenAlex
W4283803574
Cited by
15
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1
FWCI
2.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Physiological Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Massey Research Online (Massey University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Urakami Foundation for Food and Food Culture Promotion
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
hepcidin, iron metabolism, serum ferritin, serum iron, interleukin-6, inflammation, substrate oxidation, body composition, young women, energy metabolism
MeSH terms
Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Iron, Hepcidins

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