Cited by 185Mental Health Treatment and AccessCardiac Health and Mental HealthHealth disparities and outcomes

Inequitable access for mentally ill patients to some medically necessary procedures

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Kisely, S., Smith, M., Lawrence, D., Cox, M., Campbell, L. A., Maaten, S.·2007·Canadian Medical Association Journal

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although universal health care aims for equity in service delivery, socioeconomic status still affects death rates from ischemic heart disease and stroke as well as access to revascularization procedures. We investigated whether psychiatric status is associated with a similar pattern of increased mortality but reduced access to procedures. We measured the associations between mental illness, death, hospital admissions and specialized or revascularization procedures for circulatory disease (including ischemic heart disease and stroke) for all patients in contact with psychiatric services and primary care across Nova Scotia. METHODS: We carried out a population-based record-linkage analysis of related data from 1995 through 2001 using an inception cohort to calculate rate ratios compared with the general public for each outcome (n = 215,889). Data came from Nova Scotia's Mental Health Outpatient Information System, physician billings, hospital discharge abstracts and vital statistics. We estimated patients' income levels from the median incomes of their residential neighbourhoods, as determined in Canada's 1996 census. RESULTS: The rate ratio for death of psychiatric patients was significantly increased (1.34), even after adjusting for potential confounders, including income and comorbidity (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-1.40), which was reflected in the adjusted rate ratio for first admissions (1.70, 95% CI 1.67-1.72). Their chances of receiving a procedure, however, did not match this increased risk. In some cases, psychiatric patients were significantly less likely to undergo specialized or revascularization procedures, especially those who had ever been psychiatric inpatients. In the latter case, adjusted rate ratios for cardiac catheterization, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafts were 0.41, 0.22 and 0.34, respectively, in spite of psychiatric inpatients' increased risk of death. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric status affects survival with and access to some procedures for circulatory disease, even in a universal health care system that is free at the point of delivery. Understanding how these disparities come about and how to reduce them should be a priority for future research.

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Crossref · 10.1503/cmaj.060482

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  • Studies from Australia and Canada report higher levels of somatic admissions in individuals with schizophrenia compared to the general population.

    “Studies from Australia and Canada also report higher levels of somatic admissions in individuals with schizophrenia compared to the general population (Kisely et al. 2007, Lawrence et al. 2003).”

    From Excess early mortality in schizophrenia. (2014) · cites this paper as Kisely et al. 2007

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Authors
Kisely, S., Smith, M., Lawrence, D., Cox, M., Campbell, L. A., & Maaten, S.
Affiliations
Dalhousie University (CA)
Corresponding author
Kisely, S.
Venue
Canadian Medical Association Journal
Published
2007-03-13
Volume
176
Issue
6
Pages
779-784
ISSN
  • 0820-3946 (ISSN-L)
  • 1488-2329
OpenAlex
W2159969216
Cited by
185
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 14
FWCI
18.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Canadian Medical Association Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
  • eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
  • DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
  • Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
  • Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences
  • Curtin University of Technology
  • Dalhousie University
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Keywords
mental illness, health care access disparities, circulatory diseases, ischemic heart disease, stroke, cardiac catheterization, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, mortality, socioeconomic status, income, psychiatric inpatients, universal health care, Nova Scotia
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Canada, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cerebral Revascularization, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Myocardial Revascularization, National Health Programs, Nova Scotia, Registries, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Logistic Models, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Universal Health Insurance, Health Care Surveys, Needs Assessment

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