The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hypertriglyceridemia: its etiology, effects and treatment
Open accessAbstract
Elevated plasma triglyceride concentration is a common biochemical finding, but the evidence for the benefit of treating this lipid disturbance remains less robust than that for treating elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Part of the difficulty in the provision of specific recommendations has been the frequent coexistence of elevated triglycerides with other conditions that affect cardiovascular disease risk, such as depressed high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, obesity, metabolic syndrome, proinflammatory and prothrombotic biomarkers, and type 2 diabetes. Recent investigations of outcomes of cardiovascular disease when medications are used to reduce triglyceride levels suggest that, although a net benefit probably exists, both relative and absolute risk reductions seem underwhelming when compared with the benefit of reducing low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels with treatment. However, the totality of evidence suggests that elevated triglyceride levels likely contribute independently to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, although there is no consensus about appropriate target levels. Furthermore, severe hypertriglyceridemia is associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis, irrespective of its effect on risk of cardiovascular disease. We review the causes and classification of elevated triglyceride levels, the clinical manifestations of primary hypertriglyceridemia and the management of patients with elevated triglyceride levels.
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“Effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acids, routinely used in pharmacologic doses for treatment of severe HTG, has been inconsistent in patients with FCS.3,[16][17][18]20”
From Familial chylomicronemia syndrome: Bringing to life dietary recommendations throughout the life span (2018) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“Of note, prescription omega-3 fatty acids (up to 4 grams per day) have shown inconsistent effectiveness as a treatment for HTG in patients with FCS.3,[16][17][18][19]”
From Familial chylomicronemia syndrome: Bringing to life dietary recommendations throughout the life span (2018) · cites this paper as [17]
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Cites
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BackgroundRubins, H. B., Robins, S. J., Collins, D., Fye, C. L., Anderson, J. W., Elam, M. B., Faas, F. H., Linares, E., Schaefer, E. J., Schectman, G., et al. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908053410604 · Cited by 3,439
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“Among affected patients, up to one-third may also have nonalcoholic steatotic hepatitis.(13,14) Lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, cytokines and proinflammatory mediators contribute to the progression from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatotic hepatitis.”
BackgroundFifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: long-term benefit with niacin
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“, obesity, type 2 diabetes, decreased levels of HDL-C, increased small dense LDL, increased free fatty acids, dysglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increased plasma viscosity, increased inflammatory molecules, impaired fibrinolysis, prothrombosis) are often associated with elevated levels of triglycerides.(2,24,25) Furthermo…”
BackgroundAtherogenesis: a postprandial phenomenon.
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3 of the 77 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
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Items 601–625 of 625
When the Tube Tells the Tale: A Visual Cue Reveals a Rare Cause of Acute Pancreatitis
Bugheni, C., & Reddy, V. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.101838
“Acute pancreatitis is a common gastrointestinal emergency with etiologies that vary widely, including gallstones, alcohol use, medications, and metabolic disturbances [1-3].”
Alshammari, S. O., Shahzad, N., Malik, M. N. H., Alshammari, Q. A., Alshammari, A., Kazman, B. S. M. A., Atif, M., & Solre, G. F. B. (2026) · Cardiovascular Therapeutics · doi:10.1155/cdr/9082023
Fenofibrate vs. Omega-3 in Pediatric Hypertriglyceridemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Dalili, S., Koohmanaee, S., Rad, A. H., Nemati, P., Mashayekhi‐Sardoo, H., Bayat, R., & Shahrokhi, M. (2026) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2025.12.021 · Cited by 1
Vega, J. A., Torres, B., Alberto Maiz, G., & Santos, J. L. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1749264
SEA 2026 Standards for Global Control of Vascular Risk
Mostaza, J. M., Pintó, X., Armario, P., Guijarro, C., Masana, L., Real, J. T., Arrobas-Velilla, T., Baeza‐Trinidad, R., Calmarza, P., Cebollada, J., et al. (2026) · Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.artere.2026.500889
Familial Hyperchylomicronemia Syndrome in a Term Neonate
Kumar, S., Priyadarshi, A., & Sanjay, S. (2026) · Annals of African Medicine · doi:10.4103/aam.aam_624_25
“[9] FCS is diagnosed commonly at the childhood or adolescence , presenting with failure to thrive, recurrent abdominal pain with recurrent pancreatitis, lipemia retinalis, eruptive xanthoma, and hepatosplenomegaly.”
Han, Y., Xiong, Q., Wang, J., Wang, A., Chen, Q., Liu, Y., & Cheng, K. (2026) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-026-02409-5
“Its early detection and management remain challenging, as TG levels fluctuate with many factors such as diet, lifestyle, obesity, and chronic conditions (Smellie, 2006; Yuan et al., 2007).”
Protective Effect of Protaetia brevitarsis Larvae Extract on Alcoholic Liver Disease in Mice
Lee, S., Seo, Y. H., Seo, Y., Nam, H., Lee, J., Kim, J., & Lee, J. H. (2026) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.71616
“Alcohol consumption impairs lipolysis, leading to hepatic lipid accumulation and elevated plasma TG levels, which are closely linked to liver steatosis, an early hallmark of ALD (Jeon and Carr 2020; Yuan et al. 2007).”
Vergès, B. L. (2026) · EMC - Endocrinologie - Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s1155-1941(24)48948-8
Hypertriglycéridémie postprandiale : signature microARN et insulino-résistance
housseini, R. E. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/7d24ea93z83a6z478aza78dzaa7adafeb958
Lalanne‐Mistrih, M. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/aa735006z75a2z4c63zaa8cz82d11d170a47
Relationship between serum iron and the severity of hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis
杨绪耀, & Lan, L. (2026) · Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20250670
“In this study, we found that HTG-AP occurs more frequently in middle-aged males, which may be associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes in this demographic compared to females 9 .”
Clinical identification of familial chylomicronemia syndrome and novel therapeutic options
Hang, S., & Hegele, R. A. (2026) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1080/14779072.2026.2661212
Navigating hypertriglyceridemia in pregnancy: current evidence and clinical strategies
Chamerski, S., Wartecka-Zielińska, K., Pomorski, F., Karos, W., Marlęga-Linert, J., Marcinkowska, M., Stefańska, K., Grzybowska, M. E., Wydra, D. G., Gruchała, M., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1761761 · Cited by 2
“Niacin can lower triglycerides by 20 – 45%; however, achieving this effect requires high doses (1500 – 3000 mg/day) (71).”
Lemke, E., Walker, J. K., Farrar, J. E., Byerly, S. E., Filiberto, D. M., & Dickerson, R. N. (2026) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.70105
“22 Although there was a trend in an increased prevalence of obesity for the hypertriglyceridemia group, differences between groups were not significant.”
Peptide hormone-based combinational pharmacotherapies for chronic metabolic diseases
Chui, Z. S. W., Xue, Y., Wu, X., & Xu, A. (2026) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.pharmr.2026.100150
Kassem, B. A., Shaik, F. A., Sorour, O., Abdelhamid, A. H., Fazal, A., Dakroub, A. H., & Eid, A. H. (2026) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fjc.0000000000001846
Lipoprotein lipase deficiency presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding and compensated shock
Rose, J. K., Do, J., Basha, V., & Evans, A. (2026) · JCEM Case Reports · doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luag160
“Overall prevalence is estimated at 1 per million [2, 3].”
InfluentialAin, Q., Naim-ul-huda, Khan, M., Nawaz, A., Ali, Z., Šikonja, J., Khan, M. I., Ajmal, M., Sadiq, F., & Grošelj, U. (2026) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2026.07.023
Kastelein, J. J. P., Skjæret, T., Jeannin, S., Besuyen, R., Fraser, D. A., & Maki, K. C. (2026) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2026.09.016
Olezarsen for the Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia
Rodriguez, A. S. H., & Yokota, T. (2026) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-5476-7_6
(2012) · PubMed · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- Yuan, G., Al-Shali, K. Z., & Hegele, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Hegele, R. A.
- ORCID
- Hegele, R. A.
- Venue
- Canadian Medical Association Journal
- Publisher
- CMA Impact Inc.
- Published
- 2007-04-10
- Volume
- 176
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1113-1120
- ISSN
- 0820-3946 (ISSN-L)
- 1488-2329
- PMC
- PMC1839776
- OpenAlex
- W1982040758
- Cited by
- 624
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 5.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Canadian Medical Association Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- Genome Canada
- Ontario Genomics
- Ontario Genomics Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- hypertriglyceridemia, triglyceride-lowering therapy, cardiovascular risk, acute pancreatitis, primary hypertriglyceridemia, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, pro-inflammatory markers
- MeSH terms
- Hypolipidemic Agents, Clofibric Acid, Coronary Artery Disease, Diet, Humans, Niacin, Pancreatitis, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Hypertriglyceridemia, Weight Loss, Exercise, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
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