Addressing overestimation of the prevalence of depression based on self-report screening questionnaires
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KEY POINTS Mental health disorders, including major depressive disorder, are classified in research using validated diagnostic interviews.[1][1],[2][2] However, administering diagnostic interviews to large population samples to estimate prevalence is expensive because of the time and trained
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The prevalence of psychopathological syndromes is overestimated on the basis of self-report questionnaires.
“Studies have shown on several occasions that the prevalence of psychopathological syndromes is overestimated on the basis of self-report questionnaires (Scott et al., 2023;Thombs et al., 2018)”
From Suicide Crisis Syndrome: A systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as Thombs et al., 2018
The Key Points say that treating above-cutoff scores on depression screening questionnaires as disorder prevalence substantially overestimates prevalence. The implications section also says screening questionnaires can distort disorder prevalence estimates. The paper establishes this chiefly for depression, not for psychopathological syndromes generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Thombs, B. D., Kwakkenbos, L., Levis, A. W., & Benedetti, A.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Venue
- Canadian Medical Association Journal
- Publisher
- CMA Joule Inc.
- Published
- 2018-01-14
- Volume
- 190
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- E44-E49
- ISSN
- 0820-3946 (ISSN-L)
- 1488-2329
- PMC
- PMC5770251
- OpenAlex
- W2782891479
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 24.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Canadian Medical Association Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship@McGill (McGill) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
- Keywords
- depression prevalence, prevalence overestimation, major depressive disorder, diagnostic interview, screening validity, mental illness
- MeSH terms
- Data Interpretation, Statistical, Depression, Depressive Disorder, False Positive Reactions, Humans, Mass Screening, Sensitivity and Specificity, Prevalence, Self Report
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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