The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Blockchain challenges and opportunities: a survey
Abstract
Blockchain has numerous benefits such as decentralisation, persistency, anonymity and auditability. There is a wide spectrum of blockchain applications ranging from cryptocurrency, financial services, risk management, internet of things (IoT) to public and social services. Although a number of studies focus on using the blockchain technology in various application aspects, there is no comprehensive survey on the blockchain technology in both technological and application perspectives. To fill this gap, we conduct a comprehensive survey on the blockchain technology. In particular, this paper gives the blockchain taxonomy, introduces typical blockchain consensus algorithms, reviews blockchain applications and discusses technical challenges as well as recent advances in tackling the challenges. Moreover, this paper also points out the future directions in the blockchain technology.
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In the citing paper
“Therefore, blockchain has great potential in the construction of future Internet systems [148].”
From Chaos-Based Image Encryption: Review, Application, and Challenges (2023) · cites this paper as [148]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, it is distinguished by its core attributes, including anonymity, transparency, auditability, permanence, persistence, and decentralization, which collectively translate into improved operational performance, efficiency gains, and cost reductions [258,260].”
From Smarter eco-cities and their leading-edge artificial intelligence of things solutions for environmental sustainability: A comprehensive systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [260]
In the citing paper
“Public blockchain, often referred to as permission-less blockchain, allows anyone to join the blockchain network without permission [1].”
From A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions (2019) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Private blockchain, also called permissioned, is an invite-only network from an authentication authority [1].”
From A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions (2019) · cites this paper as [1]
Citations
Cites
The Internet of Things: A survey
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Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things
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An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends
Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2017) · 2017 IEEE International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress) · doi:10.1109/bigdatacongress.2017.85 · Cited by 4,515
Self-citationPractical Byzantine fault tolerance
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Miorandi, D., Sicari, S., Pellegrini, F. D., & Imrich Chlamtac, A. (2012) · Ad Hoc Networks · doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2012.02.016 · Cited by 3,629
Decentralizing Privacy: Using Blockchain to Protect Personal Data
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The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)
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Hawk: The Blockchain Model of Cryptography and Privacy-Preserving Smart Contracts
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Zerocash: Decentralized Anonymous Payments from Bitcoin
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Casino, F., Dasaklis, T. K., & Patsakis, C. (2018) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2018.11.006 · Cited by 2,954
On blockchain and its integration with IoT. Challenges and opportunities
Reyna, A., Martín, C., Chen, J., Soler, E., & Díaz, M. (2018) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2018.05.046 · Cited by 1,908
A survey on federated learning
Zhang, C., Xie, Y., Bai, H., Yu, B., Li, W., & Gao, Y. (2021) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2021.106775 · Cited by 1,899
A Survey on the Security of Blockchain Systems
Li, X., Jiang, P., Chen, T., Luo, X., & Wen, Q. (2020) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2017.08.020 · Cited by 1,772
A Survey on Federated Learning Systems: Vision, Hype and Reality for Data Privacy and Protection
Li, Q., Wen, Z., Wu, Z., Hu, S., Wang, N., Li, Y., Liu, X., & He, B. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/tkde.2021.3124599 · Cited by 1,407
Metadata
- Authors
- Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H. N., Chen, X., & Wang, H.
- Affiliations
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Macau University of Science and Technology (MO)
- National University of Defense Technology (CN)
- Venue
- International Journal of Web and Grid Services
- Publisher
- Inderscience Publishers
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 352
- ISSN
- 1741-1106 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-1114
- OpenAlex
- W2897450989
- Cited by
- 3,651
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 235 · 2025: 453 · 2024: 569 · 2023: 618 · 2022: 494 · 2021: 493 · 2020: 425 · 2019: 294 · 2018: 65
- FWCI
- 513.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Web and Grid Services (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Distributed systems and fault tolerance
- Keywords
- blockchain, decentralization (distributed systems), consensus algorithms, blockchain applications, cryptocurrency, financial services, risk management, Internet of Things, public services, technical challenges, auditability
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