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Cited by 4,552Blockchain Technology Applications and SecurityBlockchain Technology in Education and LearningIoT and Edge/Fog Computing

Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things

Open access
Christidis, Konstantinos, Devetsikiotis, Michael·2016·IEEE Access
DOI 10.1109/access.2016.2566339
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Abstract

Motivated by the recent explosion of interest around blockchains, we examine whether they make a good fit for the Internet of Things (IoT) sector. Blockchains allow us to have a distributed peer-to-peer network where non-trusting members can interact with each other without a trusted intermediary, in a verifiable manner. We review how this mechanism works and also look into smart contracts-scripts that reside on the blockchain that allow for the automation of multi-step processes. We then move into the IoT domain, and describe how a blockchain-IoT combination: 1) facilitates the sharing of services and resources leading to the creation of a marketplace of services between devices and 2) allows us to automate in a cryptographically verifiable manner several existing, time-consuming workflows. We also point out certain issues that should be considered before the deployment of a blockchain network in an IoT setting: from transactional privacy to the expected value of the digitized assets traded on the network. Wherever applicable, we identify solutions and workarounds. Our conclusion is that the blockchain-IoT combination is powerful and can cause significant transformations across several industries, paving the way for new business models and novel, distributed applications.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1109/access.2016.2566339

Cites

19 of 19 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • A small integration test based on Hyperledger Indy was performed, but it did not meet all expectations, mainly because of the lack of support for smart contracts.

    “A small integration test based on this platform was performed, but it did not meet all our expectations. Mainly it was because of the lack of support for smart contracts [42], [43].”

    From A Trusted Approach for Decentralised and Privacy-Preserving Identity Management (2021) · cites this paper as [43]

  • Existing 5G technology infrastructure has unsolved challenges in terms of security, networking and computing performance degradation due to its centralized architecture.

    “The existing 5G technology infrastructure has remained unsolved challenges in terms of security, networking and computing performance degradation due to its centralized architecture [46].”

    From Blockchain for 5G and beyond networks: A state of the art survey (2020) · cites this paper as [46]

  • Various works to develop secure light-weight IoT architecture based on the blockchain technology have been proposed in the literature.

    “Various works to develop secure light-weight IoT architecture based on the blockchain technology have been proposed in the literature [178-180].”

    From A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions (2019) · cites this paper as [180]

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Related

Authors
Christidis, K., & Devetsikiotis, M.
Affiliations
North Carolina State University (US)
ORCID
Venue
IEEE Access
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
2016
Volume
4
Pages
2292-2303
ISSN
2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1109/access.2016.2566339
OpenAlex
W2392113277
Cited by
4,552
References
21
Citations by year
2026: 263 · 2025: 426 · 2024: 411 · 2023: 456 · 2022: 496 · 2021: 629 · 2020: 697 · 2019: 654 · 2018: 391 · 2017: 124 · 2016: 5
FWCI
872.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/OAPA.html (vor)
Locations
  • IEEE Access (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Keywords
blockchain, smart contracts, Internet of Things, peer-to-peer networks, service market, resource sharing, workflow automation, distributed applications, business models

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