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Obesity Impairs the Adaptive Immune Response to Influenza Virus
Open accessAbstract
Influenza, a highly contagious respiratory tract infection, affects millions of adults and children each year. Several high-risk populations include children, the elderly, the immunocompromised, and recently the obese. Given the dramatic rise in obesity over the past few decades, this increased risk for influenza infection poses a serious public health threat because nearly 500 million adults and children worldwide are classified as obese. Obesity impairs the immune response to influenza and influenza vaccination through alterations of the cellular immune system. Compared with vaccinated healthy-weight adults, vaccinated obese adults have twice the risk of influenza or influenza-like illness despite equal serological response to vaccination. This challenges the current standard of protection for influenza and suggests that further vaccination methods or therapeutics are required to combat this virulent respiratory virus.
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“This altered immunity has been associated with suboptimal (reduced) responses to vaccines, including Hepatitis B26 and tetanus,27 and increased susceptibility to influenza.28”
From SARS-CoV-2 vaccine testing and trials in the pediatric population: biologic, ethical, research, and implementation challenges (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Green, W. D., & Beck, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Beck, Melinda A.
- Venue
- Annals of the American Thoracic Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-11-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- Supplement_5
- Pages
- S406-S409
- ISSN
- 2325-6621 (ISSN-L)
- 2329-6933
- PMC
- PMC5711276
- OpenAlex
- W2770679757
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 16.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Annals of the American Thoracic Society (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK056350)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- obesity, influenza virus, adaptive immune response, influenza vaccination, vaccine response, cell-mediated immunity, influenza-like illness, respiratory infections
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Child, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Influenza, Human, Influenza Vaccines, Obesity, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Risk Factors, Mice, Adaptive Immunity
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